Congestive Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

heart cannot pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demands of tissues

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2
Q

CHF Etiology / Underlying diseases

A
  1. IHD
  2. Hypertension
  3. Miscellaneous - VHD (vascular heart disease), cardiomyopathies ( heart muscle disease), toxins
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3
Q

CHF - S &S

A

LV - SOB, orthopnea and PND

RV - pedal edema and ascites

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4
Q

CHF - Prognosis

A

less than 50% five year survival

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5
Q

CHF - Treatment non-pharm

A
  1. ID and treat underlying cause
  2. Lifestyle modification - limit salt intake, exercise, weight loss
  3. treat exacerbating factors - limit exposure to emotional stress
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6
Q

CHF - Treatment Pharm

A
  1. ACE Inhibitors (ARBs)
  2. Beta blockers
  3. Spironolactone
  4. Digoxin
  5. Diuretics
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7
Q

What is spironolactone?

A

Pronounced - spy-row-no-lack-tone
Brand names - Aldoactone
Its a synthetic, steroidal antimineralcorticoid agent usually used as a diuretic and antihypertensive but also to reduce elevated/ unwanted androgen activity in body

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8
Q

CHF - Treatment surgery

A

Implantable cardiovert-defibrillator (ICD)

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9
Q

CHF dental considerations to measure severity of CHF according to NYHA

A
NYHA - New York Heart Association
I - no limitations
II - slight limitations of ordinary activity
III - significant limitations 
IV - symptomatic at rest 

*AVOID dental surgery at III or IV

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10
Q

CHF - day of dental surgery

A
  1. Continue meds perioperatively
  2. Avoid exacerbating factors - esp. vasopressors and excessive fluids
  3. Avoid supine position as it may precipitate orthopnea
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