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Jamie Cardiovascular Pathology > Congestion and Oedema > Flashcards

Congestion and Oedema Flashcards

1
Q

What is congestion?

A

Relative excess of blood in vessels of a tissue/organ

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2
Q

Is congestion a passive process?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is an example of local acute congestion?

A

DVT

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4
Q

What is an example of local chronic congestion?

A

Hepatic cirrhosis

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5
Q

What is an example of general acute congestion?

A

Congestive cardiac failure

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6
Q

What is hepatic cirrhosis?

A

A disease in which the healthy tissue in the liver is replaced by scar tissue eventually rendering the liver ineffective

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7
Q

What are 2 causes of hepatic cirrhosis?

A

Alcohol

Hepatitis B

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8
Q

What is congestive cardiac failure?

A

When a pump is ineffective stopping the heart from being able to fully eject blood from the ventricles

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9
Q

What type of drug do you use to treat the fluid overload in the veins caused by congestive cardiac failure?

A

Diuretics

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10
Q

What are 2 of the consequences of congestive cardiac failure?

A

Central venous congestion in the liver

Pulmonary oedema

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11
Q

What pressure is the constant movement of fluid through capillary beds driven by?

A

Hydrostatic pressure from the heart

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12
Q

What pressure is the constant movement of fluid through capillary beds balanced by?

A

Osmotic pressures

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13
Q

What is an oedema?

A

The accumulation of fluid in the extra-vascular space

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14
Q

What is peripheral oedema?

A

Build up of interstitial fluid in tissues

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15
Q

What is an effusion?

A

Accumulation of fluid in the body cavities

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16
Q

What are transudates caused by?

A

Alterations of haemodynamic forces across the capillary walls

17
Q

What is the constituents of transudates? (3)

A

Low protein/albumin
Lots of water
Lots of electrolytes

18
Q

Is the specific gravity of transudates high or low?

A

Low

19
Q

What are exudates?

A

Fluids which enter into areas of inflammation?

20
Q

What is the constituents of exudates? (3)

A

High protein/albumin
Normal water
Normal electrolyte

21
Q

Is the specific gravity of exudates high or low?

A

High

22
Q

Are the following examples of exudates or transudates:

Tumour, inflammation, allergy?

A

Exudates

23
Q

Are the following examples of exudates or transudates:

Cardiac failure, fluid overload?

A

Transudates

24
Q

Are the following examples of exudates or transudates:

Pulmonary oedema, low protein oedema?

A

Transudates

25
Q

In pulmonary oedema where does the fluid accumulate in the lungs?

A

The alveolar spaces

26
Q

What pressure is responsible for pulmonary and peripheral oedema?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

27
Q

What pressure is responsible for lymphatic blockage?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

28
Q

Are the following examples of exudates or transudates:

Permeability oedema?

A

Exudates

Jamie Cardiovascular Pathology (17 decks)

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