Congestion and Oedema Flashcards
What is congestion?
Relative excess of blood in vessels of a tissue/organ
Is congestion a passive process?
Yes
What is an example of local acute congestion?
DVT
What is an example of local chronic congestion?
Hepatic cirrhosis
What is an example of general acute congestion?
Congestive cardiac failure
What is hepatic cirrhosis?
A disease in which the healthy tissue in the liver is replaced by scar tissue eventually rendering the liver ineffective
What are 2 causes of hepatic cirrhosis?
Alcohol
Hepatitis B
What is congestive cardiac failure?
When a pump is ineffective stopping the heart from being able to fully eject blood from the ventricles
What type of drug do you use to treat the fluid overload in the veins caused by congestive cardiac failure?
Diuretics
What are 2 of the consequences of congestive cardiac failure?
Central venous congestion in the liver
Pulmonary oedema
What pressure is the constant movement of fluid through capillary beds driven by?
Hydrostatic pressure from the heart
What pressure is the constant movement of fluid through capillary beds balanced by?
Osmotic pressures
What is an oedema?
The accumulation of fluid in the extra-vascular space
What is peripheral oedema?
Build up of interstitial fluid in tissues
What is an effusion?
Accumulation of fluid in the body cavities
What are transudates caused by?
Alterations of haemodynamic forces across the capillary walls
What is the constituents of transudates? (3)
Low protein/albumin
Lots of water
Lots of electrolytes
Is the specific gravity of transudates high or low?
Low
What are exudates?
Fluids which enter into areas of inflammation?
What is the constituents of exudates? (3)
High protein/albumin
Normal water
Normal electrolyte
Is the specific gravity of exudates high or low?
High
Are the following examples of exudates or transudates:
Tumour, inflammation, allergy?
Exudates
Are the following examples of exudates or transudates:
Cardiac failure, fluid overload?
Transudates
Are the following examples of exudates or transudates:
Pulmonary oedema, low protein oedema?
Transudates
In pulmonary oedema where does the fluid accumulate in the lungs?
The alveolar spaces
What pressure is responsible for pulmonary and peripheral oedema?
Hydrostatic pressure
What pressure is responsible for lymphatic blockage?
Hydrostatic pressure
Are the following examples of exudates or transudates:
Permeability oedema?
Exudates
