Congenital ocular dz and foals

Question 1

Microphthalmia (6)

Answer 1

1. small globe
2. +/- vision
3. Secondary to hostile uterine environment?!?!
4. Relatively common in Thoroughbreds
5. May effect skull development
6. Secondary irritation - entropion, pocket syndrome

Question 2

Strabismus (4)

Answer 2

1. Frequently assoc with vision deficits
2. Can be congenital or inherited - appies esp
3. Traumatic
4. Not usually reversible

Question 3

Dermoids

Answer 3

1. Normal tissue, abnormal location - cornea, conj, eyelids

2. Tx - sx resection +/- reconstruction

Question 4

Eyelids (5)

Answer 4

1. Entropion
2. Ectropion
3. Dermoids
4. Agenesis
5. Trauma

Question 5

juvenile Entropion (3)

Answer 5

1. dehydration
2. assymmetric growth
3. Tx temporary tacking - sutures/glue

Question 6

Nasolacrimal apparatus (4)

Answer 6

1. Dacryocystitis - secondary to obstruction of NLD
   2 Imperforate NL puncta
2. NL punctal atresia
3. NLD aplasia

Question 7

Imperforate puncta (3)

Answer 7

1. Usually nasal punctum
2. Treatment - flushing, incising bulges
3. TX secondary inflamm - abx NSAIDs (topical vs systemic)

Question 8

Punctal atresia (4)

Answer 8

1. TX- make a new hole (general anesth)
2. +/- contrast radiography
3. Place catheter, leave in until complete epithelialization of canal (4-6 weeks)
4. C & S?!?!?!?! Systemic NSAIDS

Question 9

Ductal Atresia

Answer 9

Refer these to surgery

Question 10

Corneal ulcers (3)

Answer 10

1. assoc w/ dec sensation
2. Secondary to low tear production
3. Superficial simple vs indolent vs complicated vs melting

Question 11

Corneal ulc tx (6)

Answer 11

1. address prim cause - tacking entropion, tx uveitis, maybe ectopic cilia
2. Topical abx
3. topical mydriatics
4. systemic anti-inflammatories
5. anti-collagenases
6. prevent self trauma

Question 12

Melting corneal ulcers (4)

Answer 12

1. emergency
2. ush sterile, C&S anyways
3. SPL and tx hourly
4. May need surgery

Question 13

Aniridia (4)

Answer 13

1. ush bilateral
2. Lens equator, ciliarry process are visible
3. +/- photophobia and blepharospasm
4. congenital in QHs, Belgians, TB w/cataracts

Question 14

Multiple Congenital ocular anomalies

Answer 14

1. Rocky Mountain Horse
2. Macrocornea
3. Iridal hypoplasia
4. Ciliary body cysts
5. Congenital miosis
6. cataract
7. Retinal folds, dysplasia, detachments
8. Severe cases AqH outflow probs - glaucoma

Question 15

MCOA syndrome (2)

Answer 15

1. co-dominant trait with incomplete penetrance
2. Silver dapple locus, s.t. about chocolate and flaxen hair
3. PMEL17 Mutation

Question 16

anterior Uveitis (3)

Answer 16

1. ush secondary to septicemia (E. coli, rhodococcus)
2. CS: green
   - Aq flare
   - fibrin in AC
   - Miosis
   - conj hyperemia, chemosis
   - hypopyon, hyphema
   - keratic precipitates
3. TX prim and secondary dz

Question 17

Ant uveitis tx (3)

Answer 17

1. topical anti-inflammatories (pred, NPD)
2. Mydriatic (atropine)
3. Intracameral TPA

Question 18

Glaucoma (2)

Answer 18

1. ush secondary in horses
2. CS: corneal edema, linear branching stria, IOP > 25 mmHg, mydriasis, pupil and iris anomalies, blindness, buphthalmos)

Question 19

Lens abnormalities (3)

Answer 19

1. congenital cataracts - most common -sx removal
   - younger/smaller the better
2. uveitic cataracts - progression after septicemic insult
3. lens lux

Question 20

Retinal dysplasia

Answer 20

Often seen with other ocular anomalies

Question 21

Posterior uveitis (4)

Answer 21

1. chorioretinitis, retinal detach, hemorrhage
2. ush result of septicemic dz w/ neuro involve
3. tx with systemic anti-inflamm - no topical meds
4. often results in retinal degeneration

Question 22

Retinal hemorrhage (3)

Answer 22

1. common, no tx necessary
2. common after difficult parturition/trauma
3. may be present with posterior uveitis

Question 23

Retinal detachments (2)

Answer 23

1. Congenital or post-nflammatory (post uveitis)

2. Treatment ush unsuccessful