Congenital Malformations ( Just Agents And Effects)

Question 1

Hyperthermia

Answer 1

Anencephaly, spina bifida, intellectual disability

Question 2

Ionizing radiation

Answer 2

Microcephaly, spina bifida, cleft palate, limb defects

Question 3

Alcohol

Answer 3

Growth & mental retardation, facial & trunk malformations

Question 4

Anticoagulants

Answer 4

Skeletal abnormalities, nasal hypoplasia, anomalies of eyes, neck, and CNS

Question 5

Anticonvulsants

Answer 5

Neural tube defects, mental retardation, poor growth, facial defects

Question 6

Antithyroid drugs

Answer 6

Fetal goiter, hypothyroidism

Question 7

Chemo- therapeutic agents

Answer 7

Variety of major anomalies throughout body

Question 8

Industrial solvents

Answer 8

Spontaneous abortion, prematurity, low birth weight, heart, craniofacial, and neural tube defects

Question 9

Lead

Answer 9

Growth retardation, neurological disorders

Question 10

Lithium

Answer 10

Heart anomalies

Question 11

Organic mercury

Answer 11

Mental retardation, cerebral atrophy, spasticity, blindness

Question 12

Retinoic acid

Answer 12

Defects related to derivatives of neural crest

Question 13

Streptomycin

Answer 13

Hearing loss, auditory nerve damage

Question 14

Tetracycline

Answer 14

Hypoplasia and staining of tooth enamel, staining of bones

Question 15

Thalidomide

Answer 15

Limb defects, ear defects, cardiovascular anomalies

Question 16

Valproic acid

Answer 16

Neural tube defects; heart, craniofacial, and limb anomalies

Question 17

Androgens

Answer 17

Masculinization of female genitalia, accelerated genital development in males

Question 18

Diethylstilbestrol

Answer 18

Malformation of the uterus, uterine tubes, and upper vagina; vaginal cancer; malformed testes

Question 19

Maternal diabetes

Answer 19

Various malformations; heart and neural defects most common

Question 20

Maternal obesity

Answer 20

Neural tube defects, heart defects, omphalocoele