3 ovulation

Question 1

what controls sexual cycles?

Answer 1

hypothalamus

Question 2

what is the role of GnRH in sexual cycles?

Answer 2

GnRH acts on cells of the anterior lobe of the pitiutary gland which secrete gonadotropins

Question 3

whats the role of GSH and LH in the ovary?

Answer 3

GSH and LH stimulate and control cyclic changes in the ovary

Question 4

At the beginning of each ovarian cycle ____________ are stimulated to grow under the influence of FSH

Answer 4

15 to 20 primary-stage (preantral) follicles

Question 5

At the beginning of each ovarian cycle 15 to 20 primary-stage (preantral) follicles are stimulated to grow under the influence of ___

Answer 5

FSH

Question 6

____________15 to 20 primary-stage (preantral) follicles are stimulated to grow under the influence of FSH

Answer 6

At the beginning of each ovarian cycle

Question 7

what happens to the follicles that dont reach maturity?

Answer 7

degenerate and become atretic and replaced by connective tissue forming corpus atreticum

Question 8

Proliferation of the granulosa is mediated by ……

Answer 8

growth differentiation factor 9, a member of the transforming growth factor beta

Question 9

Theca interna and granulosa cells produce ______: theca interna cells produce androstenedione and testosterone, and granular cells convert these hormones to estrone and 17-beta estradiol

Answer 9

estrogens

Question 10

Theca interna and granulosa cells produce estrogens: ….., and granular cells convert these hormones to estrone and 17-beta estradiol

Answer 10

theca interna cells produce androstenedione and testosterone

Question 11

Theca interna and granulosa cells produce estrogens: theca interna cells produce androstenedione and testosterone, and granular cells ….

Answer 11

convert these hormones to estrone and 17-beta estradiol

Question 12

what three things happen after the theca interna and granulosa cells produce estrogens?

Answer 12

Uterine endometrium enters the proliferative phase

Thinning of the cervical mucus to allow passage of sperm

Feedback to anterior lobe of the pituatary to secrete LH

Question 13

Midcycle there is an ________ that elevates concentrations of maturation-promoting factor, causing oocytes to complete meiosis I and initiate meisosis II

Answer 13

LH surge

Question 14

Midcycle there is an LH surge that ….., causing oocytes to complete meiosis I and initiate meisosis II

Answer 14

elevates concentrations of maturation-promoting factor

Question 15

Midcycle there is an LH surge that elevates concentrations of maturation-promoting factor, causing ….

Answer 15

oocytes to complete meiosis I and initiate meisosis II

Question 16

what does the LH surge mid cycle stimulate?

Answer 16

This surge stimulates production of progesterone by follicular stromal cells (leutinization) and causes follicular rupture and ovulation

Question 17

What are the steps of the ovarian cycle? ( until what happens if secondary oocyte is not fertilized)

Answer 17

Question 18

what also increases in reposnse to LH surge?

Answer 18

Prostaglandins also increase in response to LH surge which will cause muscular contractions in the ovarian wall

Question 19

what also increases in reposnse to LH surge?

Answer 19

Prostaglandins also increase in response to LH surge which will cause muscular contractions in the ovarian wall

Question 20

what do the muscular contractions in the ovarian wall do?

Answer 20

squeeze the oocyte along with its granulosa cells from the region of cumulus oophurus

Question 21

what happens to the granulosa cells and cells of the theca interna after ovulation?

Answer 21

After ovulation granulosa cells in the wall of the ruptured follicle and the cells of theca interna are vascularized by surrounding vessels

Question 22

Estrogen and progesterone secretions cause ….

Answer 22

uterine mucose to enter progestational phase in preparation for implantation

Question 23

what carries the oocyte into the uterine tube?

Answer 23

sweeping motions of the fimbrae and by the cilia on the epithelial lining

Question 24

what happens to the cumulus cells once the oocyte is in the tube?

Answer 24

withdraw their cytoplasmic processes from the zona pellucida and lose contact with the oocyte

Question 25

what happens to the cumulus cells once the oocyte is in the tube?

Answer 25

withdraw their cytoplasmic processes from the zona pellucida and lose contact with the oocyte

Question 26

when does the fertilized oocyte reach the uterine lumen?

Answer 26

in approximately 3 to 4 days

Question 27

what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization doesnt occur?

Answer 27

the corpus luteum reaches maximum development approximately 9 days post-ovulation and shrinks to form a mass of fibrotic scar tissue, corpus albicans

Question 28

what happens to progestrone production if fertilization doesnt occur?

Answer 28

Progesterone production decreases and menstrual bleeding begins

Question 29

what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does occur?

Answer 29

If fertilizationoccurs degeneration of corpus luteum is prevented by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast of the developing embryo

Question 30

what is fertilization?

Answer 30

The process by which male and female gametes fuse and usually occurs in the ampullary region of the uterine tube

Question 31

Movement of sperm from the cervix to the uterine tube occurs by __________ __ ___________-from thirty minutes to 3 days

Answer 31

muscular contractions of the uterus and uterine tube

Question 32

Movement of sperm from the cervix to the uterine tube occurs by muscular contractions of the uterus and uterine tube-from …

Answer 32

thirty minutes to 3 days