Congenital heart diseases Flashcards
Congenital heart diseases are typically associated with what genetic disorders?
Trisomies and Turner’s or XO syndrome
What is a shunt?
When the blood flow goes to the wrong place such as from left to right or right to left
Is a left right shunt cyanotic or non-cyanotic?
Non-cyanotic, the blood is already oxygenated but goes into pulmonary circulation
What are the possible negative affects of a left right shunt?
Overload of the lungs leading to pulmonary hypertension, RV hypertrophy, congestive heart failure
How can a left right shunt lead to cyanosis?
When pulmonary pressure equals systemic there can be a reversal and a right left shunt is created
Is a right left shunt cyanotic?
Yes, the blood bypasses the lungs leading to deoxygenated blood being pumped into the body
Is atrial septal defect cyanotic or acyanotic?
Acyanotic
What is another name for the most common atrial septal defect where the foramen ovale does not close?
Secundum asd
What are the possible complications of atrial septal defect?
Pulmonary hypertension, cardiac failure, paradoxical embolism where the thrombus is formed in the right atria but travels into the systemic circulation
Is tetralogy of falot cyanotic or acyanotic?
Cyanotic
What are the 4 components of tetralogy of falot?
Subpulmonic stenosis where hypertrophy below the pulmonary artery causes narrowing of the lumen
Large VSD
Overriding aorta (attached to both ventricles)
RV hypertrophy leading to right left shunt
What is the most common congenital lesion?
Ventricular septal defect
Where is VSD located, which is larger?
Muscular or membranous parts of the septum. Membranous is usually larger
Is VSD cyanotic or acyanotic?
Acyanotic
Is an AV canal cyanotic or acyanotic?
Acyanotic
What causes AV canal?
A combination of VSD and ASD, almost like having one ventricle and one atria
Who is often screened for AV canal?
Those with trisomy 21
Is transposition of the great vessels cyanotic or acyanotic?
Cyanotic
What happens when there is transposition of the great vessels?
The aorta receives blood from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery receives it from the left
How can transposition not be fatal?
When there is communication between the two systems. In newborns the ductus arteriosis allows for this
Is patent ductus arteriosis acyanotic or cyanotic?
Acyanotic
What is the risk in patent ductus arteriosis?
In a fetus, the ductus allows blood to travel from the pulmonary circulation to the aorta however, in adults it goes the other way around. IN the long term leads to high risk of congestive heart failure
Is truncus arteriosis cyanotic or acyanotic
Cyanotic
What happens in truncus arteriosis?
There is one vessel that exits both ventricles which splits into the aorta and pulmonary artery
What is ALWAYS present in truncus arteriosis?
A ventricular septal defect to allow for shunting and survival
What is coarctation of the aorta and who is screened for it?
When there is narrowing of the aorta, those with Turner or XO syndrome are screened for it
What can happen to those with coarcation of the aorta that suffer a severe lesion?
Congestive heart failure, poor perfusion below the lesion so cold feet and leg cramps, more perfusion above so headaches and nosebleeds
The body will also grow collateral vessels
