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Systemic Pathology > Blood Vessel Diseases 2 > Flashcards

Blood Vessel Diseases 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common vasculitis syndrome? What vessels does it affect?

A

Giant cell or temporal, affects the large vessels

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2
Q

Giant cell or temporal arteritis typically targets which artery?

A

The branches of the carotid such as the temporal or opthalmic

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3
Q

In giant cell arteritis what kind of vessel wall inflammation is there?

A

Destructive granulomatous inflammation

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4
Q

Who is the typical patient with giant cell arteritis?

A

A female older than 50 with radiating facial pain

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5
Q

What is the term for the flu-like symptoms with joint stiffness seen in giant cell arteritis?

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

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6
Q

What is the term for the sudden and intermittent blindness seen in giant cell arteritis?

A

Amaurosis fugae

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7
Q

Takayasu’s arteritis affects which arteries?

A

Those that branch off of the aortic arch

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8
Q

Who is the typical patient with Takayasu’s arteritis and what are the symptoms?

A

Young females, show blindness, neurological symptoms, undetectable upper extremity pulses

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9
Q

Polyarteritis nedosa shows what kind of inflammation in what organs?

A

Segmental inflammation in the kidney, heart, and liver

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10
Q

Which organs are usually spared in polyarteritis nedosa?

A

The lungs

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11
Q

Kawasaki disease usually affects which arteries in whom?

A

The coronary arteries in children under 4

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12
Q

In Buerger disease which vessels are affected? It is usually associated with what activity?

A

The vessels of the arms and legs, associated with cigarette smoking

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13
Q

What gene is present in those with Wegener’s granulomatosis?

A

C-ANCA

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14
Q

What separates Wegener’s granulomatosis from polyarteritis nedosa?

A

It can affect the lungs

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15
Q

What is Churg-Strauss syndrome?

A

An allergic reaction associated with asthma and eosinophils

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16
Q

What is Reynaud’s phenomenon?

A

Exaggerated vasoconstriction of vessels in the extremities, in particular the fingers

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17
Q

What causes the vasoconstriction and who does it affect?

A

Exaggerated response to cold or emotion by central and local vasomotor complexes. Seen in young women

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18
Q

What causes varicose veins?

A

Increased intraluminal pressure from long periods of standing

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19
Q

What veins become varicose?

A

Superficial leg veins, anorectal venus plexus or hemorrhoids, esophagus veins

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20
Q

Who usually gets varicose veins? What increases the chance?

A

Women, age and obesity

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21
Q

What are risks associated with varicose veins?

A

Impaired circulation increasing infection risk and impairing wound healing

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22
Q

What are esophageal varices?

A

Complication of portal hypertension in cirrhosis

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23
Q

What can happen to esophageal varices that is fatal?

A

They can rupture leading to hematemesis or vomiting of blood

24
Q

What is SVC syndrome?

A

When a neoplasm compresses or invades the SVC

25
Q

What are the symptoms?

A

Distended veins in the head and neck with cyanosis and compressed pulmonary vessels leading to respiratory distress

26
Q

What cancers are associated with SVC syndrome?

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma and mediastinal lymphoma

27
Q

What causes lymphangitis?

A

Spread of bacteria infection infections in to lymphatics, usually by group a beta hemolytic strep

28
Q

What are primary causes of lymphedema?

A

Isolated congenital defect or Milroy disease, lead to lymphatic a genesis or hypoplasia

29
Q

What are secondary causes of lymphedema?

A

Blockage of a previously normal lymphatic

30
Q

What is ascites?

A

The term for fluid from ruptured lymphatics entering body cavities

31
Q

What type of hemangiomas are often seen in the mouth?

A

Pyogenic granulomas

32
Q

What usually happens to congenital capillary hemangiomas?

A

Usually regress on their own

33
Q

Where are cavernous lymphangiomas usually seen?

A

In the neck and axilla of children, sometimes in the retroperitoneum

34
Q

What type of lymphagioma is often seen in those with Turner Syndrome?

A

Cystic hygromas

35
Q

What are glomus tumors?

A

Painful tumors from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus bodies

36
Q

Where are glomus tumors found?

A

In the distal portion of the digits under the fingernails

37
Q

What is nevus flames?

A

A birth mark

38
Q

What is port wine stain?

A

Like a birth mark but doesn’t fade and causes thickening of the skin

39
Q

The previous two are types of?

A

Vascular ectasias

40
Q

Karposi sarcoma is caused by?

A

HHV8

41
Q

Karposi sarcoma is associated with?

A

AIDS

42
Q

What causes bacillary angiomatosis?

A

Gram negative bacteria like Bartonella, opportunistic infection

43
Q

Long term lymphedema is a risk factor for?

A

Angiosarcoma, a highly malignant cancer

44
Q

Giant cell arteritis is associated with which gene?

A

HLA-DR4

45
Q

What is the most common cause of vasculitis?

A

Direct injury by infectious organisms or immune related inflammation

46
Q

What is an ANCA

A

Anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies directed against the contents of the granules in neutrophils such as myeloperoxidase and proteinase

47
Q

What are symptoms of kawasaki disease?

A

Fever, inflammation of the membranes of the nasopharynx and oral mucosa, inflammation of the palms and soles of feet, cervical adenopathy

48
Q

What is the symptom triad of Wegener’s granulomatosis?

A

Granulomatous inflammation of small and medium sized vessels
Glomerulonephritis
Necrotizing granulomas of the upper and lower respiratory tract

49
Q

Where do most cases of thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis occur?

A

In the deep leg veins

50
Q

What is the Trousseau sign?

A

Migratory thrombophlebitis as a paraneoplastic syndrome in pancreas, colon, and lung cancer

51
Q

Respiratory affects seen in Wegener’s granulomatosis separate it from which medium vessel disease?

A

Polyarteritis nedosa

52
Q

In giant cell arteritis, what cells are involved? There is fragmentation of?

A

The internal elastic lamina fragments, CD4 cells are involved

53
Q

Polyarteritis nedosis can lead to death by?

A

Renal failure

54
Q

What illness has strawberry gingiva?

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

55
Q

What is an example of vasculitis associated with a systemic disorder?

A

Henoch Schonlein purpura

Systemic Pathology (11 decks)

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