Blood Vessel Diseases 2 Flashcards
What is the most common vasculitis syndrome? What vessels does it affect?
Giant cell or temporal, affects the large vessels
Giant cell or temporal arteritis typically targets which artery?
The branches of the carotid such as the temporal or opthalmic
In giant cell arteritis what kind of vessel wall inflammation is there?
Destructive granulomatous inflammation
Who is the typical patient with giant cell arteritis?
A female older than 50 with radiating facial pain
What is the term for the flu-like symptoms with joint stiffness seen in giant cell arteritis?
Polymyalgia rheumatica
What is the term for the sudden and intermittent blindness seen in giant cell arteritis?
Amaurosis fugae
Takayasu’s arteritis affects which arteries?
Those that branch off of the aortic arch
Who is the typical patient with Takayasu’s arteritis and what are the symptoms?
Young females, show blindness, neurological symptoms, undetectable upper extremity pulses
Polyarteritis nedosa shows what kind of inflammation in what organs?
Segmental inflammation in the kidney, heart, and liver
Which organs are usually spared in polyarteritis nedosa?
The lungs
Kawasaki disease usually affects which arteries in whom?
The coronary arteries in children under 4
In Buerger disease which vessels are affected? It is usually associated with what activity?
The vessels of the arms and legs, associated with cigarette smoking
What gene is present in those with Wegener’s granulomatosis?
C-ANCA
What separates Wegener’s granulomatosis from polyarteritis nedosa?
It can affect the lungs
What is Churg-Strauss syndrome?
An allergic reaction associated with asthma and eosinophils
What is Reynaud’s phenomenon?
Exaggerated vasoconstriction of vessels in the extremities, in particular the fingers
What causes the vasoconstriction and who does it affect?
Exaggerated response to cold or emotion by central and local vasomotor complexes. Seen in young women
What causes varicose veins?
Increased intraluminal pressure from long periods of standing
What veins become varicose?
Superficial leg veins, anorectal venus plexus or hemorrhoids, esophagus veins
Who usually gets varicose veins? What increases the chance?
Women, age and obesity
What are risks associated with varicose veins?
Impaired circulation increasing infection risk and impairing wound healing
What are esophageal varices?
Complication of portal hypertension in cirrhosis
What can happen to esophageal varices that is fatal?
They can rupture leading to hematemesis or vomiting of blood
What is SVC syndrome?
When a neoplasm compresses or invades the SVC
What are the symptoms?
Distended veins in the head and neck with cyanosis and compressed pulmonary vessels leading to respiratory distress
What cancers are associated with SVC syndrome?
Bronchogenic carcinoma and mediastinal lymphoma
What causes lymphangitis?
Spread of bacteria infection infections in to lymphatics, usually by group a beta hemolytic strep
What are primary causes of lymphedema?
Isolated congenital defect or Milroy disease, lead to lymphatic a genesis or hypoplasia
What are secondary causes of lymphedema?
Blockage of a previously normal lymphatic
What is ascites?
The term for fluid from ruptured lymphatics entering body cavities
What type of hemangiomas are often seen in the mouth?
Pyogenic granulomas
What usually happens to congenital capillary hemangiomas?
Usually regress on their own
Where are cavernous lymphangiomas usually seen?
In the neck and axilla of children, sometimes in the retroperitoneum
What type of lymphagioma is often seen in those with Turner Syndrome?
Cystic hygromas
What are glomus tumors?
Painful tumors from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus bodies
Where are glomus tumors found?
In the distal portion of the digits under the fingernails
What is nevus flames?
A birth mark
What is port wine stain?
Like a birth mark but doesn’t fade and causes thickening of the skin
The previous two are types of?
Vascular ectasias
Karposi sarcoma is caused by?
HHV8
Karposi sarcoma is associated with?
AIDS
What causes bacillary angiomatosis?
Gram negative bacteria like Bartonella, opportunistic infection
Long term lymphedema is a risk factor for?
Angiosarcoma, a highly malignant cancer
Giant cell arteritis is associated with which gene?
HLA-DR4
What is the most common cause of vasculitis?
Direct injury by infectious organisms or immune related inflammation
What is an ANCA
Anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies directed against the contents of the granules in neutrophils such as myeloperoxidase and proteinase
What are symptoms of kawasaki disease?
Fever, inflammation of the membranes of the nasopharynx and oral mucosa, inflammation of the palms and soles of feet, cervical adenopathy
What is the symptom triad of Wegener’s granulomatosis?
Granulomatous inflammation of small and medium sized vessels
Glomerulonephritis
Necrotizing granulomas of the upper and lower respiratory tract
Where do most cases of thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis occur?
In the deep leg veins
What is the Trousseau sign?
Migratory thrombophlebitis as a paraneoplastic syndrome in pancreas, colon, and lung cancer
Respiratory affects seen in Wegener’s granulomatosis separate it from which medium vessel disease?
Polyarteritis nedosa
In giant cell arteritis, what cells are involved? There is fragmentation of?
The internal elastic lamina fragments, CD4 cells are involved
Polyarteritis nedosis can lead to death by?
Renal failure
What illness has strawberry gingiva?
Wegener’s granulomatosis
What is an example of vasculitis associated with a systemic disorder?
Henoch Schonlein purpura
