Congenital Heart Diseases

Question 1

the most common form of birth defects

Answer 1

congenital heart disease

Question 2

Leading cause of death from birth abnormalities in the first year of
life

Answer 2

congenital heart disease

Question 3

heart defect classifications

Answer 3

non-cyanotic and cyanotic

Question 4

Lesions resulting in increased volume load

Answer 4

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Question 5

Lesions resulting in increased pressure load

Answer 5

Coarctation of aorta

Aortic stenosis

Question 6

Congenital cardiac abnormality resulting from incomplete fusing of
the embryonic endocardial cushions

Answer 6

Atrial Septal Defect

Question 7

Third most common heart defect

Answer 7

Atrial Septal Defect

Question 8

The most common type of ASD

Answer 8

ostium secundum (midseptal)

Question 9

ASD auscultation finding

Answer 9

Fixed splitting of S2 - (Widely split and fixed)

Question 10

Complication of ASD

Answer 10

Paradoxical embolism

Question 11

non-cyanotic congenital heart disease

Answer 11

ASD
coarctation of the aorta
PDA
VSD

Question 12

cyanotic congenital heart disease

Answer 12

Tetrology of Fallot

Question 13

most common location for coarctation of the aorta

Answer 13

Postductal – distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery

Question 14

congenital heart disease found in Turner’s Syndrome

Answer 14

coarctation of the aorta

Question 15

Leading cause of CHF in first month of life

Answer 15

coarctation of the aorta

Question 16

Discrepancy between UE and LE
blood pressures

Answer 16

coarctation of the aorta

Question 17

CXR finding in coarctation of the aorta

Answer 17

Rib notching (scalloping) of inferior surface of posterior ribs
Indented aorta

Question 18

Second most common heart defect

Answer 18

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 19

Congenital heart disease associated with maternal rubella infection

Answer 19

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 20

auscultation finding of PDA

Answer 20

Continuous, machine-like murmur

Question 21

PDA treatment

Answer 21

High dose indomethacin
(Used only in preemies – does not work in full term infants or children)

Question 22

auscultation finding of coarctation of aorta

Answer 22

Mid-to-late systolic ejection murmur
(Heard left subclavian area, between the scapula and to the left of the spine)

Longer/almost continuous murmur
(Heard best superiorly and midline in the back or over left anterior chest)

Question 23

The most common cyanotic heart defect

Answer 23

tetralogy of fallot

Question 24

Four anomalies of Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 24

VSD
pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 25

auscultation of tetralogy of fallot

Answer 25

Rough, systolic ejection murmur in
3rd intercostal space

Question 26

CXR finding of tetralogy of fallot

Answer 26

Boot-shaped heart

Question 27

how do children with tetralogoy of fallot improve their symptoms?

Answer 27

children will squat down to relieve their symptoms

Question 28

Most common congenital heart malformation

Answer 28

Ventricular Septal Defect

Question 29

auscultation findings in VSD

Answer 29

Harsh, holosystolic murmur LLSB – may radiate to right sternal border
Does NOT radiate to apex and axilla – distinguish from MR
Does NOT increase with inspiration– distinguish from TR

Mid-diastolic rumble at apex 🡪 increased flow across the mitral valve (May have associated mid-diastolic rumble)