Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards
What is worse L to R shunt or R to L shunt?
R to L shunt is worse
What is the most frequent congenital defect
VSD
What are the Left to Right shunts
VSD
ASD
PDA
What can uncorrected L to R shunt lead to?
Eisenmenger syndrome
–> increased pulmonary hypertension –> RVH—> R to Left shunt
late cyanosis, clubbing, polycythemia
Harsh Holosystolic murmur
VDA
Loud S1, wide fixed S2
ATrial septal defect
MCC of ASD
Ostium secundum defect
foramen ovale + foramun secundum overlap so don’t close
Continuous “machine- like murmur”
PDA
When do you want PDA? How you make it
Transposition of great vessels
go PGE
Increase BP in upper extremities
Lower BP in lower extremities
Coarctation of aorta
Notching of Ribs
Coarctation of aorta
Aortic regurgitation
Coarctation of aorta
What are the 5 Right to Left shunts?
5T’s
- Truncus arteriosus (1 vessel)
- Transposition (2 vessels)
- Tricuspid atresia (3 vessels)
- Teratalogy of Fallot (4 vessels)
- TAPVR (5 in name)
What do you usualy have with a Persistant truncus arteriosus?
VSD
What is Tricuspi atresia?
Absence of tricuspid valve and hypoplastic RV
What is required for Tricuspid atresia for viability
both ASD and VSD required for viability?
TERATOLOGY OF FALLOT
IHOP VSD HYPERTROPHY OF RV Overriding aorta Pulmonary stenosis
Boot shaped heart on CSR
Kids- RVH maybe teratology of Fallot
Adults- COPD
If you have Teratology of fallot what improves cyanosis?
Squatting increases SVR decreases right to left shunt
but do surgery to treat
What is total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Pulmonary veins drains into right heart circulation (CVS, coronary sinus, etc);
associated with ASD sometimes PDA to allow for R to L shunting to maintain CO
MC congenital cause of early cyanosis
Teratology of Fallot
Chromosome 22q11 deletion
Truncus arteriosus, teratology of fallot
btw this is DiGeorge syndrome
Down syndrome
Endocardial cushion defect
like ASD or VSD, center of
Congenital Rubella
PDA or pulmonary artery stenosis
Turner syndrome
Coarctation of aorta, bicuspid aortic valve
Diabetic mom
Transposition of great vessels
Alcoholic exposure
VSA, PDA, ASD, teratology of Fallot
