Congenital defects

Question 1

Describe Eisenmenger’s syndrome

Answer 1

Pulmonary hypertension leads to remodeling of the vasculature increasing resistance leading to right to left shunts

Question 2

Describe the consequences of ventricular septal defects

Answer 2

Left to right shunt, Fluid overload of LV, Pulmonary hypertension

Question 3

Describe the consequences of atrial septal defects

Answer 3

Left to right shunt, Fluid overload of RV, Pulmonary hypertension

Question 4

Describe the defects in teratology of Fallot

Answer 4

Pulmonary stenosis, Overriding aorta, Ventricular septal defect, R venticular hypertrophy

Question 5

Describe coarctation of the aorta

Answer 5

Narrowing of the aorta past the ductus arteriosus

Question 6

Consequences of coarctation of the aorta

Answer 6

Reduced blood flow to the lower body, L ventricular hypertrophy, Upper body hypertension

Question 7

Treatment of cyanotic heart defects

Answer 7

Surgery, Give prostaglandins to keep ductus arteriosus open