Congenital CMV Flashcards

1
Q

What is congenital CMV?

A

When a baby is born with cytomegalovirus infection

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2
Q

How common is congenital CMV?

A

Occurs in 1/200 births

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3
Q

What proportion of babies born with congenital CMV have long term health problems?

A

1/5

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4
Q

CMV is a member of what virus family?

A

Herpes virus

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5
Q

How does CMV infection commonly affect adults?

A

Usually asymtpomatic

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6
Q

What can CMV cause in neonates?

A

Severe illness

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7
Q

How does a baby develop congenital CMV?

A

If the mother has CMV during pregnancy either as a first time infection or after a previous infection

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8
Q

How is the CMV passed to the unborn baby?

A

Via the placenta

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9
Q

How can CMV be transmitted postnatally?

A

Through breast milk or saliva

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10
Q

What signs of congenital CMV may be present at birth?

A
  • Rash
  • Jaundice
  • Microcephaly
  • IUGR
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Seizures
  • Retinitis
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11
Q

How is diagnosis of congenital CMV made?

A

PCR amplification of viral DNA

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12
Q

What samples can be used for PCR?

A
  • Amniotic fluid
  • Fetal blood
  • Infants blood, urine, CSF, saliva
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13
Q

What are the differentials for congenital CMV?

A

Other congenital infections

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14
Q

What is the management for congenital CMV?

A

Antiviral therapy with oral valganciclovir for 6 months

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15
Q

What has 6 months of valganciclovir been shown to do?

A

Improve hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes

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16
Q

What should all infants with CMV be followed up for?

A

Late onset sensorineural hearing loss until school age

17
Q

What can congenital CMV lead to in the most severe cases?

A

Pregnancy loss

18
Q

What long term complications can occur as a result of congenital CMV?

A
  • Hearing loss
  • Developmental and motor delay
  • Vision loss
  • Microcephaly
  • Seizures