Congenital anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

Which embryonic cartilage is associated with 1st branchial arch?

A

Quadrate, Meckels

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2
Q

Which branchial arch is associated with Reichert’s cartilage?

A

2nd

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3
Q

What ossicles derive from 2nd branchial arch?

A

Stapes suprastructure

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4
Q

What ossicles derive from the 1st branchial arch?

A

Incus, Malleus

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5
Q

What nerve is associated with 1st branchial arch?

A

Mandibular devision of trigeminal nerve

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6
Q

What nerve is associated with the second branchial arch?

A

Facial

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7
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve is associated with which branchial arch?

A

Third

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8
Q

What cartilages derive from the fourth branchial arch?

A

Thyroid, cornicular, cuneiform

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9
Q

The arytenoid cartilages derive from which arch?

A

6th

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10
Q

What nerve is associated with the 4th branchial arch?

A

Pharyngeal branch of vagus

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11
Q

What arch is the recurrent laryngeal nerve associated with?

A

6th

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12
Q

Muscles associated with 1st branchial arch

A

tensor tympani, muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini

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13
Q

Muscles associated with 2nd branchial arch

A

stylohyoid, facial muscles, buccinator, platysma, posterior belly of digastric

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14
Q

What arch is stylopharyngeus derived from?

A

3rd branchial arch

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15
Q

What arch are the intrinsic laryngeal muscles derived from?

A

6th

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16
Q

What muscles associated with the 4th branchial arch

A

Pharyngeal and extrinsic laryngeal muscles, levator veli palatini

17
Q

Which embryological precursor gives rise to the thyroid parafollicular cells

A

Ultimobranchial body of the 4th branchial pouch

18
Q

What is kasabach-Merritt phenomenon

A

Profound thrombocytopenia associated with vascular tumors

19
Q

What is Melkersson Rosenthal syndrome?

A

Episodes of recurrent facial edema with facial paresis and accompanied by angular cheilitis and fissured tongue

20
Q

By what age will most hemangiomas reach 80% of their final size?

A

By 5 months of age

21
Q

What is the most common acquired or congenital type of facial paralysis

A

Congenital unilateral lower lip palsy

22
Q

What percentage of congenital vocal cord paralysis is bilateral

A

50%

23
Q

What syndrome is COL2A1 associated with

A

Stickler syndrome

24
Q

What syndromes are associate with microtia

A

CHARGE, Crouzon’s, Goldenhar’s, hemifacial

microsomia, Pierre Robin sequence, Treacher Collins, VATER

25
Q

What are you thinking when you see mixed hearing loss in a male

A

X linked stapes gusher, have an enlarged IAC with an abnormal connection between perilymph and subarachnoid space, don’t repair these, always bilateral

26
Q

How many gene loci have been identified associated with otosclerosis?

A

7, autosomal dominant

27
Q

What pharyngeal pouch is the ultimobranchial body derived from?

A

5th

28
Q

Where are the parafollicular c cells located within the thyroid gland

A

middle to upper third of the lateral lobes

29
Q

Is choanal atresia more common in males or females?

A

females 2:1