Conflict Zones Test Flashcards
A state Arabs hoped to create
Palestine
Jewish nationalism, the idea that Jews should return to their ancient homeland of Israel
Zionism
The idea of dividing Israel up such that one state would be Jewish and the other Arab
Two state solution
On May 14, as Britain ended its Palestine mandate, and Israel declared itself an independent state. Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Iraq attacked but were poorly trained so Israel won
1948 War
Canal that connects the mediterranean and the red sea and is an important trade rout. Nasser seized it in 1956 from Britain and France, but eventually Egypt was forced to withdraw
Suez Canal
Ruler of Egypt who seized Suez canal and sparked the second Arab-Israeli war
Nasser
sparked by the seizure of the Suez canal, the British and French united with the Israeli to invade the Sinai peninsula. Opposition from other nations, including the US forced Egypt to withdraw from the canal
1956 War
the third Arab-Israeli war, in 1967, which resulted in a quick Israeli victory and a major expansion of territory
Six Day War
Arab forces decided to attack on the holiest day of the Jewish calendar, they caught the Israelis off guard and pushed their territory inward but Israel fought back and regained territory. A UN ceasefire finally stopped the fight
Yom Kippur War
he was the new president of Egypt and was determined to restore Egypt’s power and prestige and so hestarted the Yom Kippur war.
Anwar Sadat
a 1978 peace agreement between Egypt and Israel in which Israel returned land to Egypt and Egypt recognized Israel’s right to exist
Camp David
Called PLO it was established in 1964 to represent Palestinian interests, and pledged to destroy Israel. In 1993 it agreed to peace
Palestine Liberation Organization
Led the PLO, which in turn led acts of terrorism in Israel
Yasir Arafat
Palestinians in the west bank and Gaza held strikes and demonstrations to protest Israeli policy. The PLO helped organize the uprisings
Intifada
the agreement signed in 1993 in which the PLO recognized Israel, and Israel granted Palestine self rule in parts of west bank and Gaza
Oslo Accords
the governing authority for Palestinian self-rule
Palestinian Authority
A Palestinian terrorist group that launched terrorist attacks on Israel
Hamas
In fall of 2000, the violence sparked by the Hamas increased. Israel constructed a barrier wall to prevent terrorists from entering easily in response
Second Intifada
Israelis continued to build permanent settlements in West Bank which further angered Palestinians
Settlements
the demand that Palestinian refugees and their descendants be allowed to return to land in Israel
“Right of Return”
east strip of land bordering Israel, Egypt, and the Mediterranean sea that is disputed but under Israeli control
Gaza Strip
region north-west of Israel that is Israeli occupied
Golan heights
Western mountainous region under Israeli control but still disputed
West Bank
Explain the historic claims of both Jews and Palestinians to the area of the eastern Mediterranean
Each group considered the land its ancestral home. Zionism, the movement for Jews to return to their ancient homeland, began. Shocked by the holocaust, many nations backed the Idea. But the Arabs also had historical rights to the land and were angered by this.
Explain more historically recent reasons many nations backed the idea of a country for and run by Jews
After the Holocaust, the whole world was in shock which caused a lot of support for Zionism
Why might Jews initially have been upset with the land allocated for them by the UN Plan?
The states were very small and fragmented. On top of that, over half the land was dry, arid desert. Plus, their state was being reduced after almost all of the Palestine mandate had been closed to them which they felt unfair
How did the 1948 War exacerbate (make worse) the continuing disagreement over Israel/Palestine?
Over 700,000 Palestinians fled to nearby countries, saying they had been forced off the land, but the Israelis said it was completely voluntary and refused to allow them back in. After the war, both sides held, tensions with the Arabs refusing Israeli’s right to exist and the Israeli being on guard for attacks
When looking over the multiple wars/periods of major conflict between Israel and Palestinians (and/or supporting nations), have these seemed to help or hinder the fundamental demands of the Palestinians?
In the 1948 war, the Palestinians lost because they were poorly trained and over 70,000 Arabs were prevented from returning to Israel. After Egypt sized the Suez canal, Britain, France, and Israel eventually won it back. In the Six-Day war, there was a quick Israeli victory and they won a lot of land. The Arabs attacked Israel on the holiest day of their calendar in order to catch them off guard in the Yom Kipper war but Israel won the territory back. So, the Palestinians’ demand for their own territory and state was hindered by the wars
List the five key issues that hinder a lasting peace agreement between Palestinians and Israel.
- the land is religiously important to both Palestinians and Israeli
- The land in the two-state solution” was not divided fairly
- After the holocaust the world was shocked into supporting Zionism
- Palestinians didn’t believe that Israel had the right to exist
- Israel prevented Arabs from living there by displacing settlements and not allowing refugees back in
Don’t make the mistake of thinking that either Jews in the Middle East (and beyond) OR Arabs in the Middle East (and beyond) are all in agreement about these outcomes or future solutions. Just like any other group/nation, there is intense disagreement within Israel and within Arab and/or Palestinian nations/communities. What are some examples you can find in this reading of disagreement over strategies and goals within each “side”?
In any disagreement, there will also be dispute within each side. They may all want a similar goal, but the extent of that goal and the means of getting might not be as uniform. From the reading, I did not find very many examples, but what I did find was a few times when a nation got a new ruler who had a different strategy or goal.
Heavily disputed area that wasn’t given to either side in the partition (in the conflict between India and Pakistan)
Kashmir
The southernmost of the three regions in Kashmir which is under Indian control
Jammu
the contested border that is often fired across in the conflict between India and Pakistan
Line of Control
Part of the Indian constitution and removing it would remove the special status of Jammu and Kashmir
Article 370
