conflict and tension 1918-1939

Question 1

what year was the armistice signed to end the war?

Answer 1

11 november 1918

Question 2

when was the first meeting of the league of nations?

Answer 2

1920

Question 3

what was the treaty of sevres signed and who signed?

Answer 3

turkey
1920

Question 4

what year did poland invade vilna and when was the aaland land crisis?

Answer 4

1921

Question 5

what year did the league of nations divide upper silesia between poland and germany?

Answer 5

1921

Question 6

what year was the washington naval agreement?

Answer 6

1922

Question 7

what year did the treaty of lausanne overturn the treaty of sevres?

Answer 7

1923

Question 8

what year was the corfu crisis?

Answer 8

1923

Question 9

what year was the locarno treaties?

Answer 9

1925

Question 10

what year did germany join the LON?

Answer 10

1926

Question 11

what year was the kellogg-briand pact?

Answer 11

1928

Question 12

what year was the mukden incident when the japanese army invaded manchuria?

Answer 12

1931

Question 13

what year was the wall street crash causing global depression?

Answer 13

1929

Question 14

what year did adolf hitler become chancellor of germany?

Answer 14

1933

Question 15

what year did hitler leave the disarmament conference?

Answer 15

1933

Question 16

what year did the nazi party in austria assassinate the austrian chancellor, dollfuss?

Answer 16

1934

Question 17

what year did the USSR join the LON?

Answer 17

1934

Question 18

what year did the saar rejoin germany?

Answer 18

1935

Question 19

what year did hilter announce he had built up the luftwaffe and that conscription shall be introduced?

Answer 19

1935

Question 20

what year was the anglo german naval treaty?

Answer 20

1935

Question 21

what year did mussolini invade abyssinia?

Answer 21

1935

Question 22

when was the hoare larval pact leaked to the press?

Answer 22

1935

Question 23

what was the rhineland remilitarised?

Answer 23

1936

Question 24

when did japan launch a full scale invasion on china?

Answer 24

1937

Question 25

when did germany and italy sign the pact of steel? (a military alliance)

Answer 25

1939

Question 26

when was the nazi soviet pact signed?

Answer 26

1939

Question 27

when did hitler invade poland, britain, and france?

Answer 27

1939

Question 28

when did hitler declare war?

Answer 28

1939

Question 29

what was the paris peace conference?

Answer 29

january 1919
32 representatives from winning countries met in the palace of versailles
led by leaders of britain, france and usa

Question 30

who was the big three?

Answer 30

britain- david lloyd george prime minister of britain
france - george clemenceau prime minister of france
usa - woodrow wilson president of usa

Question 31

what ideas did clemenceau have at the peace talks?

Answer 31

most of the fighting in ww1 took place in france which led to germans destroying france’s mines, railways, factories, bridges and farmland.
france had suffered the most deaths - people wanted revenge.
he wanted to make sure that germany was never powerful enough to attack france he again.
he wanted to reduce germany’s armed forces and border (for example the Rhine in eastern germany).
he needed money to rebuild france and thought germany should pay compensation for the damage.

Question 32

what ideas did david lloyd george have at the peace talks?

Answer 32

he was elected by british public as he promised to make germany pay.
many english soldiers died and britain wanted revenge, however lloyd george was more cautious than clemenceau.
he was concerned that if germany was treated too harshly it would lead to germans wanting revenge and starting another war.
lloyd also wanted to keep germany strong so britain could still trade with it.
the british empire was also an important income so he hoped to gain german colonies.
reduce germany’s navy to stop it rivalling britain’s.

Question 33

what ideas did woodrow wilson have at the peace talks?

Answer 33

no war fighting took place in america.
usa made loads of money selling weapons to the allies, so they didn’t see the need for revenge.
wilson was concerned that being too strict on germany would lead to another war.
he was an idealist and wanted everyone to be treated fairly.
suggested a world parliament called league of nations so countries could work and trade together to decrease likelihood of war.
he believed in self determination giving countries the freedom to rule themselves.
he had fourteen points for making a better world.

Question 34

what was the armistice?

Answer 34

armistice was signed when germany and its allies first surrendered.
it was the agreement that the countries at war stop fighting immediately.
politicians agreed to meet for a final peace treaty.
the armistice agreed to germany paying reparations and giving the alsace-lorraine region back to france and moving its army out of the rhineland.

Question 35

some of wilson’s fourteen points:

Answer 35

no secret treaties.
disarmament.
ships should have the right to sail the seas without interference.
alsace-lorraine returned to france.
league of nations to be formed.

Question 36

why was the treaty a diktat?

Answer 36

germany had not been allowed to go to the peace talks.

Question 37

when was the treaty of versailles signed?

Answer 37

28 june 1919

Question 38

treaty of versailles:
how was germany’s armed forces affected?

Answer 38

germany navy limited to 15,000 men
1500 officers
6 battleships

Question 39

treaty of versailles:
what was article 231?

Answer 39

the war guilt clause meaning germany and its allies had to take full responsibility for starting the war.

Question 40

treaty of versailles:
rhineland

Answer 40

the rhineland the strip of land on the border between germany and france was to be demilitarised so germany couldn’t put an army or defences in this area.

Question 41

treaty of versailles:
what was article 232?

Answer 41

had to pay reparations to winners, of £6.6 billion

Question 42

treaty of versailles:
germany’s colonies

Answer 42

their colonies in africa were given as mandates to the league of nations meaning britain and france controlled them.

Question 43

treaty of versailles:
how much of germany’s s land did they loss?

Answer 43

10% of land:
alsace-lorraine (given backto france), eupen and malmedy (given to belgium), north schleswig (given to denmark).

Question 44

treaty of versailles:
the saar.

Answer 44

industrial part of germany - many coal mines
put in control of league of nations for 15 years

Question 45

treaty of versailles:
polish corridor.

Answer 45

germany was split in two by the polish corridor, which was some land given to poland to allow them to have access to the sea.

Question 46

treaty of versailles:
german navy

Answer 46

limited to 100,000 men and no conscription was allowed.

Question 47

treaty of versailles:
league of nations.

Answer 47

LON was formed but germany was not allowed to join

Question 48

treaty of versailles:
armed forces.

Answer 48

germany was not allowed tanks, submarines or airforces.

Question 49

treaty of versailles:
anschluss.

Answer 49

anschluss is the forbidden union between germany and austria.

Question 50

how did germany react to the treaty of versailles?

Answer 50

they viewed it as a diktat as they weren’t allowed to attend the meetings and have their say.
british blockaded food from being imported into germany throughout the war and people were starving.
allies blamed the german kaiser for the start of the war and said he needed to abdicate before the armistice was signed.
kaiser fled to holland.
shocked by severity of treaty.
the government that signed the treaty of versailles was known as the november criminals and said that germany had been stabbed in the back.

Question 51

why did germany hate the treaty of versailles?

Answer 51

they hated the war guilty clause 231 the most.
german economy was in ruins and 763,000 civilians had died of starvation.
had to give up the coal fields of saar and their overseas colonies - 16% coal mines lost, 48% steel lost and 13% land lost.
6 million germans lived in different countries now.
humiliated by the loss of army, they felt vulnerable.

Question 52

how was the politics in germany after the treaty of versailles?

Answer 52

the abdication of the kaiser left no one to rule the country so the weimar republic was set up.

Question 53

how satisfied was britain with the treaty of versailles?

Answer 53

they had little sympathy towards the germans due to propaganda which convinced britain that germans were barbarians.
they thought treaty was fair and possibly should of been harsher.
lloyd george was greeted as a hero.
the british press claimed that britain would never again be threatened by the germans.

Question 54

how satisfied was lloyd george with the treaty of versailles?

Answer 54

pleased with:
british empire gained extra colonies and now covered 1/3 of the globe.
german navy was restricted so britain could now have no competition.

unpleased with:
concerned that the loss of german land and people to poland would cause huge problems in the future with people wanting to be part of germany again in the future.
felt the reparations were too harsh and that Britain would lose an important trade partner and the people of germany would resent the treaty so much leading to another war.

Question 55

how satisfied was france with the treaty of versailles?

Answer 55

french people were determined that germany should be punished severely.
elements of the treaty, france were pleased with.
they were pleased that they were no longer threatened by the german army in the rhineland and that they would be receiving money from the reparations.
france was given control of the saar area, germanys area rich coal fields for 15 years, which would benefit them financially.
people were furious about the treaty as their suffering in the war was greater than the germans suffering would be, therefore thought the treaty should be much tougher.

Question 56

how satisfied was clemenceau with the treaty of versailles?

Answer 56

he was angry that germany was allowed to keep somewhat of an army even tho it was a small one.
felt that the rhineland should of been completely taken away.
germany should of been made small, powerless and an independent state.
france should of been given the saar permanently.
he felt the reparations were too small.
he wanted germany to finically cripple.
an election was held after the treaty was signed and clemenceau was voted out as many French people felt the Germans had been let off too lightly

Question 57

how satisfied was usa with the treaty of versailles?

Answer 57

felt the treaty was unfair on the germanys.
wilson had helped france and britain become more powerful and rich at germanys expense.
they felt that the usa should not get involved in affairs as it did harm (isolationism).
they wanted a fair treaty that would guarantee peace in the future.
Wilson could not join his league of late Nations as the treaty had not been based on the 14 points, therefore not in America’s best interests.

Question 58

how satisfied was wilson with the treaty of versailles?

Answer 58

wilson was devastated as he feared the house treaty would result in america being dragged into another war.
he was happy that he could nations have been created.
the rest of his 14 points has been ignored.
wilson told America campaigning for America to join the league of nations.
in 1924, he died from a stroke, leaving the Republicans to donate Americans politics, the next decade based on policies of isolation.

Question 59

negative consequences of the treaty of versailles:

Answer 59

6 million germans found themselves living outside of german territory - feared persecution as germany was forced to sign the war guilt clause.
germany lost 13% of their land - german families lost land that had been owned for generations.
treaty was harsh - leading to another war.
germans felt vulnerable - felt they didn’t have any protection.
treaty was a diktat.
The Germans thought the peace treaty will be based on Wilson’s 14 points, but it wasn’t - they wouldn’t of signed the armistice if they knew this.
reparations crippled germany - take until 1980 to pay.

Question 60

what was the terms of the treaty of st germain?

Answer 60

land :
austria lost land to italy and romania.
land was taken to create czechoslovakia and yugoslavia - poland which had been divided up in 1700.

reparations :
amount was never fixed but they were told to pay.

military restrictions :
30,000 men in the army, no construction and no navy.

other terms :
not aloud to unite with germany

Question 61

what country was involved in the treaty of st germain?

Answer 61

austria

Question 62

when was the treaty of st germain signed?

Answer 62

10 september 1919

Question 63

what impact did the treaty of st germain have?

Answer 63

italy joined war in 1915.
italy was promised by allies to be given land but they felt they weren’t given enough.
austrias industry was given to czech so austria lost a huge source of income. their economy collapsed in 1921.

Question 64

what was the terms of the treaty of neuilly?

Answer 64

land :
bulgaria lost land to yugoslavia, greece and romania. did gain some land for turkey.

reparations :
£100 million

military restrictions :
bulgarian army limited to 20,000 and no conscriptions
no air force, only allowed 4 battleships.

Question 65

what country was affected the most by the treaty of neuilly?

Answer 65

bulgaria

Question 66

when was the treaty of neuilly signed?

Answer 66

27 november 1919

Question 67

what was the terms of the treaty of trisnon?

Answer 67

land :
hungarian land was lost to romania, czech, yugoslavia and austria.

reparations :
reparations were never set but should of been. the hungarian economy collapsed so nothing was ever paid.

military restrictions :
30,009 men in the hungarian army.
no constructions.
only allowed three patrol boats.

Question 68

what was the main country affect by the treaty of trianon?

Answer 68

hungary

Question 69

when was the treaty of trianon signed?

Answer 69

4 june 1920

Question 70

what was the terms of the treaty of sevres?

Answer 70

land :
turkey lost land to greece.
europe turkey lost all its land, except a small area around the capital.
the turkish empire was split up.

military restrictions :
turkish army restricted to 50,000 men.
navy was restricted to seven sail boats and six torpedo boats.

other terms :
turkish had controlled the dardanelles and the bosporus straits the waterway that connected the black sea to the mediterranean but the treaty said they must open these to other countries.
the allies were allowed to keep troupes in turkey.

Question 71

what was the impact of the treaty of sevres?

Answer 71

turkey were furious about the treaty that they revolted and overthrew the government.
the new president threatened to fight the allies over the treaty, and the British were not prepared to fight another wars so agreed to override the treaty with the treaty of lausanne.

Question 72

what country was affected by the treaty of sevres?

Answer 72

turkey

Question 73

when was the treaty of sevres signed?

Answer 73

10 august 1920

Question 74

what was the terms of the treaty of lausanne?

Answer 74

turkey regained :
some of the land greece took.
control of the dardanelles and bosphorus straits.
the right to decide how big their armed forces.

reparations were cancelled and allie troops withdrawn.

Question 75

when was the treaty of lausanne signed?

Answer 75

july 1923.

Question 76

why was the change of the treaty sevres significant?

Answer 76

prove that other treaties were unenforceable.
britain agreed to make a new fair treaty, therefore undermining all other treaties.
Mussolini and Hitler realise they could also get away with breaking international laws as no one stop them.

Question 77

why was league of nations formed?

Answer 77

• to stop war from breaking out again
• to encourage disarmament
• to improve working conditions
• to tackle deadly diseases

Question 78

who joined the league of nations?

Answer 78

when the league was founded there was 42 members and this rose to 58 by 1934

Question 79

who were the four permanent members of the league of nations?

Answer 79

britain
france
italy
japan

Question 80

where was the league based?

Answer 80

geneva, switzerland

Question 81

why didn’t russia join the league of nations?

Answer 81

britain and furnace were suspicious of the new communist government in russia

Question 82

what did britain and france think of the league of nations?

Answer 82

Lloyd George criticised the idea, but in 1919 he issued the fontainebleau memorandum in which he said he completely supported the league. Britain regarded the league of nations to place for countries to discuss ideas, but without any real power.
France was glad of anything that might help protect it from another German invasion.

Question 83

how did the league of nations plan to keep peace?

Answer 83

permanent court of international justice - established international laws.
collective security - make countries work together.

Question 84

what would the league do with disputes?

Answer 84

mitigation - getting countries together to talk through problems.

moral condemnation - telling off.

economic sanctions - could be enforced when members of the league would not trade with the warning countries.

league had no army as it was a peace organisation.

Question 85

what was the structure of the league of nations?

Answer 85

assembly, council, permanent court of international justice, secretariat and special commissions.

Question 86

league of nation :
the assembly

Answer 86

every member would send a representative to the assembly which met once a year on Monday, the 1st of September to discuss and vote on matters.
every country had an equal vote.
to pass the vote the decision has to be unanimous.
every country had to agree, if not, the motion could not be passed and would have to be referred to the council.

Question 87

league of nation :
the council

Answer 87

the council met frequently.
4 permanent members of the council were France, Britain, Italy and Japan.
other countries will be chosen to sit on the council for three-year term.
this was later increased to 9 nonpermanent members.
the council had power of veto. it could stop a ruling at its vote.

Question 88

league of nation :
permanent court of international justice

Answer 88

it was a court of law that would settle international arguments.
11 judges and 4 deputy judges would listen and then reach a verdict.
they could only advice not rule.
court was elected by the assembly.

Question 89

league of nation :
the secretariat

Answer 89

it was the leagues civil service - in charge of administration and organising any action the league wanted to undertake.

Question 90

league of nation :
special commissions

Answer 90

these were special groups put together to tackle issues that the league was worried about.

• the international labour organisation (ILO)
• the disarmament commission
• the health commission
• the slavery commission
• the commission for refugees
• the permanent central opium board

Question 91

what were the strengths of the league of nation?

Answer 91

vast membership due to peace treaties agreements.

economic sanctions and moral condemnation was daunting punishments for many countries.

Question 92

what were the weaknesses of the league of nations?

Answer 92

many countries could not and would not join the league - meaning that if a country faced economic sanctions it could still trade with other powerful and rich countries not in the league.

league had no army meaning it could not force people to obey it.

structure was very complicated - confusing people and slowing the action.

decisions had to be unanimous which meant decision making was slow.

Question 93

what was the aim of the international labour organisation?

Answer 93

to bring workers, employers and government together to improve the conditions that people worked in.

Question 94

what were the successes of the international labour organisation?

Answer 94

1922 - banned the use of white lead in paint as it was poisonous.

1930 - helped greece set up social insurance.

1928-77 - countries agreed to set a minimum wage.

in africa slave labour was being used to make a new railway, but conditions were so bad that 50% of workers died - the league challenged this and reduced the death rate to 4%.

Question 95

what were the failures of the international labour organisation?

Answer 95

1919 - tried to stop children under the bar of 14 from working , but it was not adopted by most as they thought it would cost too much money.

1935 - suggest working day to be limited to 8 hours , but they said it would cost too much.

Question 96

what were the aims of commission for refugees?

Answer 96

to return prisoners of war home and support refugees by improving camp conditions and finding new homes or returning them to their own countries once the threat of conflict passed.

Question 97

what were the successes of the commission for refugees?

Answer 97

1921 - the league helped free 427,000 / 500,000 prisoners of war imprisoned from ww1.

1917 - 1.5 people fled russia and the league helped them find new homes.

1922 - the league set up refugee camps and sent doctors to help treat diseases such as cholera and smallpox for around 600,000 greeks from turkey between 1919 and 1923.

Question 98

what were the successes of the slavery commission?

Answer 98

organised raids on the camps of slave traders in sierra leone setting 200,000 people free.
in 1927 sierra leone announced that slavery was abolished.

Question 99

what were the successes and failures of the economic and financial committee?

Answer 99

austria and hungary had lost the war and were trying to rebuild their economies - the league sent financial experts to stop the two countries going bankrupt.

developed codes for importing and exporting so all members followed rules.

when global depression hit in 1929 the commission was unable to cope.

Question 100

what was the aim of the organisation for communications and transport?

Answer 100

regulated transport developed during the war in order to keep people safe.

Question 101

what’s the successes of organisation for communication and transport?

Answer 101

introduced shipping lanes, meaning fewer collisions.

produced an international highway code so car drivers followed the same traffic rules wherever they travelled.

Question 102

what were the successes of the health committee?

Answer 102

started a campaign to kill mosquitoes which spread diseases like malaria and yellow fever.

worked with russian government to organise an education program to teach people about how the disease of typhus was spread.

sent doctors to look after refugees in turkey and improve camp conditions in 1920.

renamed world health organisation - still a thing today.

Question 103

what was the permanent central opium board?

Answer 103

to stop the creation and distribution of opium and addictive drug after 1925 for became permanent central narcotics board and tackle other drugs as well.

introduces a system where companies had to have certificate to say they were allowed to import opium for medical purposes.
blacklisted four large companies that were involved in trading legal drugs.

Question 104

what happened in 1920 in vilna?

Answer 104

vilna was the capital of lithuania but most of the people living there wanted to be polish.
a polish army took control of the city and lithuania asked the league for help.
the league told poland to remove its army but they refused.

france saw poland as an ally against germany therefore refused to help.

britain would not send troops without the support of the other countries.

they were asked to settle dispute and they did nothing and poland took vilna.

Question 105

what happened in upper silesia from 1921-25?

Answer 105

upper silesia was on the border between germany and poland.
both nations wanted to claim the area as it had a great production of iron and steel.
in 1921 a PLEBISCITE took place to see who would own upper silesia.
germany won 60% and poland claimed that many of the people who voted for germany no longer lived in upper silesia.
the league decided to slip upper silesia into regions.
germany - rural areas.
poland - industrial areas.
poland weren’t happy as they had half of the population of upper silesia but only a third of the land.
germany wasn’t happy as they lost 3/4 of the coal mines they owned prior to the settlement.
agreement ended in 1925 and relations between germany and poland worsened.

Question 106

what happened in 1921 in the aland islands?

Answer 106

both sweden and finland claimed the aland islands which were between the two countries and threatened war on each other.
the league investigated both of their claims.
they decided the islands should go to finland but finland could not build forts on the island so it could not be used as a base to attack sweden.
sweden agreed to these terms so the league had successfully avoided war.

Question 107

what happened in 1923 in corfu?

Answer 107

the boundaries of greece and albania were still to be agreed upon.
the league gave the job to an italian general who was murdered.
italy was ruled by a dictator at the time (mussolini) and he blamed the greek government and demanded the greek murders would be executed and france paid compensation.
mussolini invaded and occupied corfu and killed 15 people.
greece appealed to the league and the league agreed that greece should pay compensation.
mussolini still wasn’t happy and complained to the conference of ambassadors and undermine the league.
greece was forced to apologise and pay directly to italy.

Question 108

what happened in bulgaria in 1925?

Answer 108

greek soldiers were killed on the bulgarian border, greece invaded.
bulgaria appealed to the league for help.
the greeks were ordered to withdraw troops and pay compensation.
greece thought the league was being hypocritical as mussolini got away with similar actions in corfu in 1923.

Question 109

what happened in 1929 with the wall street crash?

Answer 109

in 1929 the american economy crashed.
the country was plunged into a depression.
america traded with countries across the world therefore global economies were affected.
some people turned to extremist countries like the nazis.
the league was powerless as they league would need an army to fight against their armies of big dictators.

Question 110

how did the locarno treaties (1925) help the league of nations?

Answer 110

many felt it ended the german resentment.
germany was allowed to join the league of nations in 1926.

Question 111

where was manchuria?

Answer 111

region of china that is rich in natural resources such as coal and iron and countries like japan and russia had factories there in the 1930.

Question 112

why did japan want manchuria?

Answer 112

japan was suffering due to the great depression.
much of its economy was based on exporting silk.
by 1932 silk was worth 1/5 of what it used to be sold for and employment had fallen by 30%.
japan was made up of small islands and few resources.
manchuria had fertile farmland, industry and natural resources.

Question 113

what was the mukden incident and how did the japan take over manchuria?

Answer 113

1931 there was an explosion on the south munchurian railway.
they japanese army claimed that they train was attacked by chinese soldiers who had also shot at railway guards.

the chinese denied this and said their soldiers were asleep at the time.

the kwantung army (japan) used events as an excuse to take over manchuria.

in 1932 japan named manchuria manchuko and put an ex chinese emperor as a puppet so they could control him.

Question 114

how did the league react to the manchurian crisis?

Answer 114

the league did not want a big fight and many people felt that japan owned manchuria.
china and japan were far removed from the league.
people believed japans version of events as it was a powerful member of the lon.
the league issued moral condemnation and told japan to withdraw its troops but japan refused.
the league could not afford sending troops to fight.
the league sent a commission of inquiry and claimed that japan was in the wrong.
japan ignored this and left the league.

Question 115

where is abyssinia?

Answer 115

today called ethiopia.
on the north eastern coast of africa.
surrounded by british and french colonies.
independent country.

Question 116

why did italy (mussolini) want abyssinia?

Answer 116

he wanted to rebuild the ancient roman empire.
thought invasion would be easy as it had small colonies already bordering Abyssinia.
good for italian economy as it was rich in natural resources and good land for grazing animals.
in 1896 italy tried to invade but failed so mussolini wanted revenge.
he felt confident the league wouldn’t get involved.

Question 117

how did mussolini invade abyssinia?

Answer 117

1934 italian soldiers clashed with abyssinia’s and many were killed. the league tried to intervene but found it difficult to stop war.
in 1935 a french foreign minister met with mussolini and made many agreements to not interfere with mussolini invading abyssinia.
mussolini’s troops entered abyssinia in 1935.
italy had modern and advanced army and technology.
italians bombed them and used chemical weapons to make them surrender.
1936 hails selassie addressed the league warning it’s failure to control mussolini. league did nothing.
italian troops took abyssinia capital and the league failed to prevent another member from violating the covenant.

Question 118

how did the league respond to the Abyssinia crisis?

Answer 118

failed to close the suez canal - closing it could of stoped mussolini moving troops.
trade sanctions against italy - forbidden to import italian goods, coal and selling weapons but it took 2 months to decide.
hoare-laval pact - british and french foreign ministers came up with a settlement to offer italy but it undermined the league.
trade sanctions against abyssinia - left them with nothing to defend itself against.

Question 119

why was the league of nations destined to fail?

Answer 119

• league had no army.
• very ambitious plans.
• only met once a year.
• structure was complex.
• america refused to join.
• trade sanctions didn’t work as they could still trade with other countries.
• powerful countries weren’t scared of moral condemnation.
• great depression meant countries were concerned with their own problems.
• depression led people to turn to extremist leaders.
• league was slow to act.
• british and french were too worried about keeping mussolini as an ally to stop allying with hitler.

Question 120

who was hitler and what was his aims?

Answer 120

leader of the nazi party.
promised to solve germany unemployment, the “right of the wrong of the treaty of versailles”, make germany strong again, take lebensraum (gain land, to get this he would have to invade countries), unite volksdeutsche (people with german blood), unite germany and austria, destroy communism.

Question 121

how did british (neville chamberlain) react to hitler’s foreign policies?

Answer 121

chamberlain used appeasement (finding out what hitler wanted and giving it to him).
opinions of treaty of versailles changed as many felt ur was too harsh and that germany should be allowed to reclaim what was theirs.
britain signed the stresa front in 1935 confirming france, britain and italy unifying.

Question 122

1933 hilter leaves the LON disarmament conference:

Answer 122

hitler said he would disarm as long as every other nation would too.
if others would not agreed he wanted to have an army as big as frances but they refused to cooperate.
germany then left the league.

Question 123

1934 the dollfuss affair:

Answer 123

austrians and germans felt the two countries should be one and were upset when anschluss was forbidden in the treaty of versailles.
due to hitlers policy of volksdeutsche the austrian chancellor banned the nazi party.
the austrian nazis murder dollfuss and in result italy moved its troops into the border to protect austria.

Question 124

1935 saar plebiscite:

Answer 124

saar was a rich industrial area, given to the LON.
expired in 1935 so a plebiscite was held to determine who would control the area.
90% voted germany.
this gave him both power and coalfields to fuel his industry and build weapons.

Question 125

1935 anglo-german naval agreement:

Answer 125

britain signed an agreement that germany could build his army to 35% , 45% of british submarines of the british one.

Question 126

why did hitler want troops in the rhineland?

Answer 126

area around the river rhine in germany which borders france and makes a natural defence.
hitler knew in order to gain lebensraum he would have to invade other countries so he had to start defending germanys borders so remilitarisation was key.

Question 127

what happened when hitler entered the rhineland?

Answer 127

in 1935 france and the ussr signed the franco-soviet pact , hitler used this as a claim that germany was under threat so he responded by sending troops into the rhineland in 1936.
troops were greeted with flowers.

Question 128

anschluss with austria 1938:

Answer 128

schuschnigg made a deal with the nazis of peace.
police raided the austrian nazi party and their plans to overthrow schuschnigg.
schuschnigg met with hitler and decided to hold a plebiscite voting on whether austria supported anschuluss.
hitler forced schuschnigg to resign and nazis invaded austria and it was met with happiness and support.
hilter held the plebiscite and 99% voted for anschuluss.

Question 129

why did hitler target the sudentenland?

Answer 129

czechoslovakia was set up under the treaty of versailles.
he was invading czechoslovakia as the first step in overthrowing the treaty of versailles.
czechoslovakia had a strong army and the sudentenland had forts, railways and industries.
they had many factories producing glass and lignite ( a type of coal ) as well as the skoda factory which could be used to build tanks and weapons.
home to 3 mill german speaking people and they claimed they had been persecuted - hitler used this as an excuse to save the people in sudentland.

Question 130

what happened with appeasement in the sudentland?

Answer 130

the british prime minister met with hitler to avoid war by making concessions (giving things up) and then met with the czechs and made them agree to hitlers terms.
hitler changed his demands and wanted the subdentland to be handed over by the 1 october.

Question 131

was appeasement a good idea?

Answer 131

• people felt treaty was too harsh.
• hilter was adamant that he was a man of peace.
• hitler actions gave people what they wanted.
• people didn’t want war.
• people saw chamberlain as a hero after the munich agreement.

Question 132

what was the nazi soviet pact?

Answer 132

when poland was created it was made of russian and german territories. both countries were determined to invade.
hitler sent his foreign minister to make a deal to allow hitler to invade poland and give the ussr polish territories. signed in 1939.

Question 133

why didn’t the ussr trust britain and france?

Answer 133

when starlin joined the LON he witnessed how weak it handled crisis. loosing faith it it’s ability of protecting russia.
the ussr and france signed a pact saying they would protect them from germany invasion. when hitler remilitarised the thule bad they did nothing.
britain and france followed a policy of appeasement.

Question 134

what happened with the invasion of poland?

Answer 134

hitler was confident he could invade with ease due to the nazi-soviet pact and britain and france’s appeasement.
however, britian had signed an agreement with poland guaranteeing security from nazi attacks.
in 1939 a german battleship opened fire on the port of danzig.
britian sent an ultimatum to germany that they either withdraw they troops or the would be in a state of war with germany.
britian declared war on germany and france followed.

Question 135

causes of the second world war:
hilter

Answer 135

• hitlers foreign policies , meaning hitler would have to invade countries.

Question 136

causes of the second world war:
failure of the league of nations

Answer 136

• failure in manchuria showed the league was weak.
• the abyssinian crisis showed Britain and france would undermine the league.

Question 137

causes of the second world war:
the depression

Answer 137

• desperate contrived we’re too preoccupied with their own problems
• desperate people turned to dictators.

Question 138

causes of the second world war:
appeasement

Answer 138

• opportunities to stop hilter were missed.
• people over europe were desperate to avoid war
• chamberlain made a mistake trusting hitler.

Question 139

causes of the second world war:
nazi soviet pact

Answer 139

• meant hilter didn’t have to face war on two fronts.
• meant hitler was backed by the ussr
• allowed hitler to invade poland, which france and britian promised to protect.

Question 140

causes of the second world war:
treaty of versailles

Answer 140

• too harsh on germany.
• hitler promised to ought the wiring of the treaty.
• territory taken from russia to form poland
• created new states and hilter was determined to reunite these people.