conflict and tension 1918-1939 Flashcards
1
Q
what year was the armistice signed to end the war?
A
11 november 1918
2
Q
when was the first meeting of the league of nations?
A
1920
3
Q
what was the treaty of sevres signed and who signed?
A
turkey
1920
4
Q
what year did poland invade vilna and when was the aaland land crisis?
A
1921
5
Q
what year did the league of nations divide upper silesia between poland and germany?
A
1921
6
Q
what year was the washington naval agreement?
A
1922
7
Q
what year did the treaty of lausanne overturn the treaty of sevres?
A
1923
8
Q
what year was the corfu crisis?
A
1923
9
Q
what year was the locarno treaties?
A
1925
10
Q
what year did germany join the LON?
A
1926
11
Q
what year was the kellogg-briand pact?
A
1928
12
Q
what year was the mukden incident when the japanese army invaded manchuria?
A
1931
13
Q
what year was the wall street crash causing global depression?
A
1929
14
Q
what year did adolf hitler become chancellor of germany?
A
1933
15
Q
what year did hitler leave the disarmament conference?
A
1933
16
Q
what year did the nazi party in austria assassinate the austrian chancellor, dollfuss?
A
1934
17
Q
what year did the USSR join the LON?
A
1934
18
Q
what year did the saar rejoin germany?
A
1935
19
Q
what year did hilter announce he had built up the luftwaffe and that conscription shall be introduced?
A
1935
20
Q
what year was the anglo german naval treaty?
A
1935
21
Q
what year did mussolini invade abyssinia?
A
1935
22
Q
when was the hoare larval pact leaked to the press?
A
1935
23
Q
what was the rhineland remilitarised?
A
1936
24
Q
when did japan launch a full scale invasion on china?
A
1937
25
when did germany and italy sign the pact of steel? (a military alliance)
1939
26
when was the nazi soviet pact signed?
1939
27
when did hitler invade poland, britain, and france?
1939
28
when did hitler declare war?
1939
29
what was the paris peace conference?
january 1919
32 representatives from winning countries met in the palace of versailles
led by leaders of britain, france and usa
30
who was the big three?
britain- david lloyd george prime minister of britain
france - george clemenceau prime minister of france
usa - woodrow wilson president of usa
31
what ideas did clemenceau have at the peace talks?
most of the fighting in ww1 took place in france which led to germans destroying france’s mines, railways, factories, bridges and farmland.
france had suffered the most deaths - people wanted revenge.
he wanted to make sure that germany was never powerful enough to attack france he again.
he wanted to reduce germany’s armed forces and border (for example the Rhine in eastern germany).
he needed money to rebuild france and thought germany should pay compensation for the damage.
32
what ideas did david lloyd george have at the peace talks?
he was elected by british public as he promised to make germany pay.
many english soldiers died and britain wanted revenge, however lloyd george was more cautious than clemenceau.
he was concerned that if germany was treated too harshly it would lead to germans wanting revenge and starting another war.
lloyd also wanted to keep germany strong so britain could still trade with it.
the british empire was also an important income so he hoped to gain german colonies.
reduce germany’s navy to stop it rivalling britain’s.
33
what ideas did woodrow wilson have at the peace talks?
no war fighting took place in america.
usa made loads of money selling weapons to the allies, so they didn’t see the need for revenge.
wilson was concerned that being too strict on germany would lead to another war.
he was an idealist and wanted everyone to be treated fairly.
suggested a world parliament called league of nations so countries could work and trade together to decrease likelihood of war.
he believed in self determination giving countries the freedom to rule themselves.
he had fourteen points for making a better world.
34
what was the armistice?
armistice was signed when germany and its allies first surrendered.
it was the agreement that the countries at war stop fighting immediately.
politicians agreed to meet for a final peace treaty.
the armistice agreed to germany paying reparations and giving the alsace-lorraine region back to france and moving its army out of the rhineland.
35
some of wilson’s fourteen points:
no secret treaties.
disarmament.
ships should have the right to sail the seas without interference.
alsace-lorraine returned to france.
league of nations to be formed.
36
why was the treaty a diktat?
germany had not been allowed to go to the peace talks.
37
when was the treaty of versailles signed?
28 june 1919
38
treaty of versailles:
how was germany’s armed forces affected?
germany navy limited to 15,000 men
1500 officers
6 battleships
39
treaty of versailles:
what was article 231?
the war guilt clause meaning germany and its allies had to take full responsibility for starting the war.
40
treaty of versailles:
rhineland
the rhineland the strip of land on the border between germany and france was to be demilitarised so germany couldn’t put an army or defences in this area.
41
treaty of versailles:
what was article 232?
had to pay reparations to winners, of £6.6 billion
42
treaty of versailles:
germany’s colonies
their colonies in africa were given as mandates to the league of nations meaning britain and france controlled them.
43
treaty of versailles:
how much of germany’s s land did they loss?
10% of land:
alsace-lorraine (given backto france), eupen and malmedy (given to belgium), north schleswig (given to denmark).
44
treaty of versailles:
the saar.
industrial part of germany - many coal mines
put in control of league of nations for 15 years
45
treaty of versailles:
polish corridor.
germany was split in two by the polish corridor, which was some land given to poland to allow them to have access to the sea.
46
treaty of versailles:
german navy
limited to 100,000 men and no conscription was allowed.
47
treaty of versailles:
league of nations.
LON was formed but germany was not allowed to join
48
treaty of versailles:
armed forces.
germany was not allowed tanks, submarines or airforces.
49
treaty of versailles:
anschluss.
anschluss is the forbidden union between germany and austria.
50
how did germany react to the treaty of versailles?
they viewed it as a diktat as they weren’t allowed to attend the meetings and have their say.
british blockaded food from being imported into germany throughout the war and people were starving.
allies blamed the german kaiser for the start of the war and said he needed to abdicate before the armistice was signed.
kaiser fled to holland.
shocked by severity of treaty.
the government that signed the treaty of versailles was known as the november criminals and said that germany had been stabbed in the back.
51
why did germany hate the treaty of versailles?
they hated the war guilty clause 231 the most.
german economy was in ruins and 763,000 civilians had died of starvation.
had to give up the coal fields of saar and their overseas colonies - 16% coal mines lost, 48% steel lost and 13% land lost.
6 million germans lived in different countries now.
humiliated by the loss of army, they felt vulnerable.
52
how was the politics in germany after the treaty of versailles?
the abdication of the kaiser left no one to rule the country so the weimar republic was set up.
53
how satisfied was britain with the treaty of versailles?
they had little sympathy towards the germans due to propaganda which convinced britain that germans were barbarians.
they thought treaty was fair and possibly should of been harsher.
lloyd george was greeted as a hero.
the british press claimed that britain would never again be threatened by the germans.
54
how satisfied was lloyd george with the treaty of versailles?
pleased with:
british empire gained extra colonies and now covered 1/3 of the globe.
german navy was restricted so britain could now have no competition.
unpleased with:
concerned that the loss of german land and people to poland would cause huge problems in the future with people wanting to be part of germany again in the future.
felt the reparations were too harsh and that Britain would lose an important trade partner and the people of germany would resent the treaty so much leading to another war.
55
how satisfied was france with the treaty of versailles?
french people were determined that germany should be punished severely.
elements of the treaty, france were pleased with.
they were pleased that they were no longer threatened by the german army in the rhineland and that they would be receiving money from the reparations.
france was given control of the saar area, germanys area rich coal fields for 15 years, which would benefit them financially.
people were furious about the treaty as their suffering in the war was greater than the germans suffering would be, therefore thought the treaty should be much tougher.
56
how satisfied was clemenceau with the treaty of versailles?
he was angry that germany was allowed to keep somewhat of an army even tho it was a small one.
felt that the rhineland should of been completely taken away.
germany should of been made small, powerless and an independent state.
france should of been given the saar permanently.
he felt the reparations were too small.
he wanted germany to finically cripple.
an election was held after the treaty was signed and clemenceau was voted out as many French people felt the Germans had been let off too lightly
57
how satisfied was usa with the treaty of versailles?
felt the treaty was unfair on the germanys.
wilson had helped france and britain become more powerful and rich at germanys expense.
they felt that the usa should not get involved in affairs as it did harm (isolationism).
they wanted a fair treaty that would guarantee peace in the future.
Wilson could not join his league of late Nations as the treaty had not been based on the 14 points, therefore not in America’s best interests.
58
how satisfied was wilson with the treaty of versailles?
wilson was devastated as he feared the house treaty would result in america being dragged into another war.
he was happy that he could nations have been created.
the rest of his 14 points has been ignored.
wilson told America campaigning for America to join the league of nations.
in 1924, he died from a stroke, leaving the Republicans to donate Americans politics, the next decade based on policies of isolation.
59
negative consequences of the treaty of versailles:
6 million germans found themselves living outside of german territory - feared persecution as germany was forced to sign the war guilt clause.
germany lost 13% of their land - german families lost land that had been owned for generations.
treaty was harsh - leading to another war.
germans felt vulnerable - felt they didn’t have any protection.
treaty was a diktat.
The Germans thought the peace treaty will be based on Wilson’s 14 points, but it wasn’t - they wouldn’t of signed the armistice if they knew this.
reparations crippled germany - take until 1980 to pay.
60
what was the terms of the treaty of st germain?
land :
austria lost land to italy and romania.
land was taken to create czechoslovakia and yugoslavia - poland which had been divided up in 1700.
reparations :
amount was never fixed but they were told to pay.
military restrictions :
30,000 men in the army, no construction and no navy.
other terms :
not aloud to unite with germany
61
what country was involved in the treaty of st germain?
austria
62
when was the treaty of st germain signed?
10 september 1919
63
what impact did the treaty of st germain have?
italy joined war in 1915.
italy was promised by allies to be given land but they felt they weren’t given enough.
austrias industry was given to czech so austria lost a huge source of income. their economy collapsed in 1921.
64
what was the terms of the treaty of neuilly?
land :
bulgaria lost land to yugoslavia, greece and romania. did gain some land for turkey.
reparations :
£100 million
military restrictions :
bulgarian army limited to 20,000 and no conscriptions
no air force, only allowed 4 battleships.
65
what country was affected the most by the treaty of neuilly?
bulgaria
66
when was the treaty of neuilly signed?
27 november 1919
67
what was the terms of the treaty of trisnon?
land :
hungarian land was lost to romania, czech, yugoslavia and austria.
reparations :
reparations were never set but should of been. the hungarian economy collapsed so nothing was ever paid.
military restrictions :
30,009 men in the hungarian army.
no constructions.
only allowed three patrol boats.
68
what was the main country affect by the treaty of trianon?
hungary
69
when was the treaty of trianon signed?
4 june 1920
70
what was the terms of the treaty of sevres?
land :
turkey lost land to greece.
europe turkey lost all its land, except a small area around the capital.
the turkish empire was split up.
military restrictions :
turkish army restricted to 50,000 men.
navy was restricted to seven sail boats and six torpedo boats.
other terms :
turkish had controlled the dardanelles and the bosporus straits the waterway that connected the black sea to the mediterranean but the treaty said they must open these to other countries.
the allies were allowed to keep troupes in turkey.
71
what was the impact of the treaty of sevres?
turkey were furious about the treaty that they revolted and overthrew the government.
the new president threatened to fight the allies over the treaty, and the British were not prepared to fight another wars so agreed to override the treaty with the treaty of lausanne.
72
what country was affected by the treaty of sevres?
turkey
73
when was the treaty of sevres signed?
10 august 1920
74
what was the terms of the treaty of lausanne?
turkey regained :
some of the land greece took.
control of the dardanelles and bosphorus straits.
the right to decide how big their armed forces.
reparations were cancelled and allie troops withdrawn.
75
when was the treaty of lausanne signed?
july 1923.
76
why was the change of the treaty sevres significant?
prove that other treaties were unenforceable.
britain agreed to make a new fair treaty, therefore undermining all other treaties.
Mussolini and Hitler realise they could also get away with breaking international laws as no one stop them.
77
why was league of nations formed?
- to stop war from breaking out again
- to encourage disarmament
- to improve working conditions
- to tackle deadly diseases
78
who joined the league of nations?
when the league was founded there was 42 members and this rose to 58 by 1934
79
who were the four permanent members of the league of nations?
britain
france
italy
japan
80
where was the league based?
geneva, switzerland
81
why didn’t russia join the league of nations?
britain and furnace were suspicious of the new communist government in russia
82
what did britain and france think of the league of nations?
Lloyd George criticised the idea, but in 1919 he issued the fontainebleau memorandum in which he said he completely supported the league. Britain regarded the league of nations to place for countries to discuss ideas, but without any real power.
France was glad of anything that might help protect it from another German invasion.
83
how did the league of nations plan to keep peace?
permanent court of international justice - established international laws.
collective security - make countries work together.
84
what would the league do with disputes?
mitigation - getting countries together to talk through problems.
moral condemnation - telling off.
economic sanctions - could be enforced when members of the league would not trade with the warning countries.
league had no army as it was a peace organisation.
85
what was the structure of the league of nations?
assembly, council, permanent court of international justice, secretariat and special commissions.
86
league of nation :
the assembly
every member would send a representative to the assembly which met once a year on Monday, the 1st of September to discuss and vote on matters.
every country had an equal vote.
to pass the vote the decision has to be unanimous.
every country had to agree, if not, the motion could not be passed and would have to be referred to the council.
87
league of nation :
the council
the council met frequently.
4 permanent members of the council were France, Britain, Italy and Japan.
other countries will be chosen to sit on the council for three-year term.
this was later increased to 9 nonpermanent members.
the council had power of veto. it could stop a ruling at its vote.
88
league of nation :
permanent court of international justice
it was a court of law that would settle international arguments.
11 judges and 4 deputy judges would listen and then reach a verdict.
they could only advice not rule.
court was elected by the assembly.
89
league of nation :
the secretariat
it was the leagues civil service - in charge of administration and organising any action the league wanted to undertake.
90
league of nation :
special commissions
these were special groups put together to tackle issues that the league was worried about.
- the international labour organisation (ILO)
- the disarmament commission
- the health commission
- the slavery commission
- the commission for refugees
- the permanent central opium board
91
what were the strengths of the league of nation?
vast membership due to peace treaties agreements.
economic sanctions and moral condemnation was daunting punishments for many countries.
92
what were the weaknesses of the league of nations?
many countries could not and would not join the league - meaning that if a country faced economic sanctions it could still trade with other powerful and rich countries not in the league.
league had no army meaning it could not force people to obey it.
structure was very complicated - confusing people and slowing the action.
decisions had to be unanimous which meant decision making was slow.
93
what was the aim of the international labour organisation?
to bring workers, employers and government together to improve the conditions that people worked in.
94
what were the successes of the international labour organisation?
1922 - banned the use of white lead in paint as it was poisonous.
1930 - helped greece set up social insurance.
1928-77 - countries agreed to set a minimum wage.
in africa slave labour was being used to make a new railway, but conditions were so bad that 50% of workers died - the league challenged this and reduced the death rate to 4%.
95
what were the failures of the international labour organisation?
1919 - tried to stop children under the bar of 14 from working , but it was not adopted by most as they thought it would cost too much money.
1935 - suggest working day to be limited to 8 hours , but they said it would cost too much.
96
what were the aims of commission for refugees?
to return prisoners of war home and support refugees by improving camp conditions and finding new homes or returning them to their own countries once the threat of conflict passed.
97
what were the successes of the commission for refugees?
1921 - the league helped free 427,000 / 500,000 prisoners of war imprisoned from ww1.
1917 - 1.5 people fled russia and the league helped them find new homes.
1922 - the league set up refugee camps and sent doctors to help treat diseases such as cholera and smallpox for around 600,000 greeks from turkey between 1919 and 1923.
98
what were the successes of the slavery commission?
organised raids on the camps of slave traders in sierra leone setting 200,000 people free.
in 1927 sierra leone announced that slavery was abolished.
99
what were the successes and failures of the economic and financial committee?
austria and hungary had lost the war and were trying to rebuild their economies - the league sent financial experts to stop the two countries going bankrupt.
developed codes for importing and exporting so all members followed rules.
when global depression hit in 1929 the commission was unable to cope.
100
what was the aim of the organisation for communications and transport?
regulated transport developed during the war in order to keep people safe.
101
what’s the successes of organisation for communication and transport?
introduced shipping lanes, meaning fewer collisions.
produced an international highway code so car drivers followed the same traffic rules wherever they travelled.
102
what were the successes of the health committee?
started a campaign to kill mosquitoes which spread diseases like malaria and yellow fever.
worked with russian government to organise an education program to teach people about how the disease of typhus was spread.
sent doctors to look after refugees in turkey and improve camp conditions in 1920.
renamed world health organisation - still a thing today.
103
what was the permanent central opium board?
to stop the creation and distribution of opium and addictive drug after 1925 for became permanent central narcotics board and tackle other drugs as well.
introduces a system where companies had to have certificate to say they were allowed to import opium for medical purposes.
blacklisted four large companies that were involved in trading legal drugs.
104
what happened in 1920 in vilna?
vilna was the capital of lithuania but most of the people living there wanted to be polish.
a polish army took control of the city and lithuania asked the league for help.
the league told poland to remove its army but they refused.
france saw poland as an ally against germany therefore refused to help.
britain would not send troops without the support of the other countries.
they were asked to settle dispute and they did nothing and poland took vilna.
105
what happened in upper silesia from 1921-25?
upper silesia was on the border between germany and poland.
both nations wanted to claim the area as it had a great production of iron and steel.
in 1921 a PLEBISCITE took place to see who would own upper silesia.
germany won 60% and poland claimed that many of the people who voted for germany no longer lived in upper silesia.
the league decided to slip upper silesia into regions.
germany - rural areas.
poland - industrial areas.
poland weren’t happy as they had half of the population of upper silesia but only a third of the land.
germany wasn’t happy as they lost 3/4 of the coal mines they owned prior to the settlement.
agreement ended in 1925 and relations between germany and poland worsened.
106
what happened in 1921 in the aland islands?
both sweden and finland claimed the aland islands which were between the two countries and threatened war on each other.
the league investigated both of their claims.
they decided the islands should go to finland but finland could not build forts on the island so it could not be used as a base to attack sweden.
sweden agreed to these terms so the league had successfully avoided war.
107
what happened in 1923 in corfu?
the boundaries of greece and albania were still to be agreed upon.
the league gave the job to an italian general who was murdered.
italy was ruled by a dictator at the time (mussolini) and he blamed the greek government and demanded the greek murders would be executed and france paid compensation.
mussolini invaded and occupied corfu and killed 15 people.
greece appealed to the league and the league agreed that greece should pay compensation.
mussolini still wasn’t happy and complained to the conference of ambassadors and undermine the league.
greece was forced to apologise and pay directly to italy.
108
what happened in bulgaria in 1925?
greek soldiers were killed on the bulgarian border, greece invaded.
bulgaria appealed to the league for help.
the greeks were ordered to withdraw troops and pay compensation.
greece thought the league was being hypocritical as mussolini got away with similar actions in corfu in 1923.
109
what happened in 1929 with the wall street crash?
in 1929 the american economy crashed.
the country was plunged into a depression.
america traded with countries across the world therefore global economies were affected.
some people turned to extremist countries like the nazis.
the league was powerless as they league would need an army to fight against their armies of big dictators.
110
how did the locarno treaties (1925) help the league of nations?
many felt it ended the german resentment.
germany was allowed to join the league of nations in 1926.
111
where was manchuria?
region of china that is rich in natural resources such as coal and iron and countries like japan and russia had factories there in the 1930.
112
why did japan want manchuria?
japan was suffering due to the great depression.
much of its economy was based on exporting silk.
by 1932 silk was worth 1/5 of what it used to be sold for and employment had fallen by 30%.
japan was made up of small islands and few resources.
manchuria had fertile farmland, industry and natural resources.
113
what was the mukden incident and how did the japan take over manchuria?
1931 there was an explosion on the south munchurian railway.
they japanese army claimed that they train was attacked by chinese soldiers who had also shot at railway guards.
the chinese denied this and said their soldiers were asleep at the time.
the kwantung army (japan) used events as an excuse to take over manchuria.
in 1932 japan named manchuria manchuko and put an ex chinese emperor as a puppet so they could control him.
114
how did the league react to the manchurian crisis?
the league did not want a big fight and many people felt that japan owned manchuria.
china and japan were far removed from the league.
people believed japans version of events as it was a powerful member of the lon.
the league issued moral condemnation and told japan to withdraw its troops but japan refused.
the league could not afford sending troops to fight.
the league sent a commission of inquiry and claimed that japan was in the wrong.
japan ignored this and left the league.
115
where is abyssinia?
today called ethiopia.
on the north eastern coast of africa.
surrounded by british and french colonies.
independent country.
116
why did italy (mussolini) want abyssinia?
he wanted to rebuild the ancient roman empire.
thought invasion would be easy as it had small colonies already bordering Abyssinia.
good for italian economy as it was rich in natural resources and good land for grazing animals.
in 1896 italy tried to invade but failed so mussolini wanted revenge.
he felt confident the league wouldn’t get involved.
117
how did mussolini invade abyssinia?
1934 italian soldiers clashed with abyssinia’s and many were killed. the league tried to intervene but found it difficult to stop war.
in 1935 a french foreign minister met with mussolini and made many agreements to not interfere with mussolini invading abyssinia.
mussolini’s troops entered abyssinia in 1935.
italy had modern and advanced army and technology.
italians bombed them and used chemical weapons to make them surrender.
1936 hails selassie addressed the league warning it’s failure to control mussolini. league did nothing.
italian troops took abyssinia capital and the league failed to prevent another member from violating the covenant.
118
how did the league respond to the Abyssinia crisis?
failed to close the suez canal - closing it could of stoped mussolini moving troops.
trade sanctions against italy - forbidden to import italian goods, coal and selling weapons but it took 2 months to decide.
hoare-laval pact - british and french foreign ministers came up with a settlement to offer italy but it undermined the league.
trade sanctions against abyssinia - left them with nothing to defend itself against.
119
why was the league of nations destined to fail?
- league had no army.
- very ambitious plans.
- only met once a year.
- structure was complex.
- america refused to join.
- trade sanctions didn’t work as they could still trade with other countries.
- powerful countries weren’t scared of moral condemnation.
- great depression meant countries were concerned with their own problems.
- depression led people to turn to extremist leaders.
- league was slow to act.
- british and french were too worried about keeping mussolini as an ally to stop allying with hitler.
120
who was hitler and what was his aims?
leader of the nazi party.
promised to solve germany unemployment, the “right of the wrong of the treaty of versailles”, make germany strong again, take lebensraum (gain land, to get this he would have to invade countries), unite volksdeutsche (people with german blood), unite germany and austria, destroy communism.
121
how did british (neville chamberlain) react to hitler’s foreign policies?
chamberlain used appeasement (finding out what hitler wanted and giving it to him).
opinions of treaty of versailles changed as many felt ur was too harsh and that germany should be allowed to reclaim what was theirs.
britain signed the stresa front in 1935 confirming france, britain and italy unifying.
122
1933 hilter leaves the LON disarmament conference:
hitler said he would disarm as long as every other nation would too.
if others would not agreed he wanted to have an army as big as frances but they refused to cooperate.
germany then left the league.
123
1934 the dollfuss affair:
austrians and germans felt the two countries should be one and were upset when anschluss was forbidden in the treaty of versailles.
due to hitlers policy of volksdeutsche the austrian chancellor banned the nazi party.
the austrian nazis murder dollfuss and in result italy moved its troops into the border to protect austria.
124
1935 saar plebiscite:
saar was a rich industrial area, given to the LON.
expired in 1935 so a plebiscite was held to determine who would control the area.
90% voted germany.
this gave him both power and coalfields to fuel his industry and build weapons.
125
1935 anglo-german naval agreement:
britain signed an agreement that germany could build his army to 35% , 45% of british submarines of the british one.
126
why did hitler want troops in the rhineland?
area around the river rhine in germany which borders france and makes a natural defence.
hitler knew in order to gain lebensraum he would have to invade other countries so he had to start defending germanys borders so remilitarisation was key.
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what happened when hitler entered the rhineland?
in 1935 france and the ussr signed the franco-soviet pact , hitler used this as a claim that germany was under threat so he responded by sending troops into the rhineland in 1936.
troops were greeted with flowers.
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anschluss with austria 1938:
schuschnigg made a deal with the nazis of peace.
police raided the austrian nazi party and their plans to overthrow schuschnigg.
schuschnigg met with hitler and decided to hold a plebiscite voting on whether austria supported anschuluss.
hitler forced schuschnigg to resign and nazis invaded austria and it was met with happiness and support.
hilter held the plebiscite and 99% voted for anschuluss.
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why did hitler target the sudentenland?
czechoslovakia was set up under the treaty of versailles.
he was invading czechoslovakia as the first step in overthrowing the treaty of versailles.
czechoslovakia had a strong army and the sudentenland had forts, railways and industries.
they had many factories producing glass and lignite ( a type of coal ) as well as the skoda factory which could be used to build tanks and weapons.
home to 3 mill german speaking people and they claimed they had been persecuted - hitler used this as an excuse to save the people in sudentland.
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what happened with appeasement in the sudentland?
the british prime minister met with hitler to avoid war by making concessions (giving things up) and then met with the czechs and made them agree to hitlers terms.
hitler changed his demands and wanted the subdentland to be handed over by the 1 october.
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was appeasement a good idea?
- people felt treaty was too harsh.
- hilter was adamant that he was a man of peace.
- hitler actions gave people what they wanted.
- people didn’t want war.
- people saw chamberlain as a hero after the munich agreement.
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what was the nazi soviet pact?
when poland was created it was made of russian and german territories. both countries were determined to invade.
hitler sent his foreign minister to make a deal to allow hitler to invade poland and give the ussr polish territories. signed in 1939.
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why didn’t the ussr trust britain and france?
when starlin joined the LON he witnessed how weak it handled crisis. loosing faith it it’s ability of protecting russia.
the ussr and france signed a pact saying they would protect them from germany invasion. when hitler remilitarised the thule bad they did nothing.
britain and france followed a policy of appeasement.
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what happened with the invasion of poland?
hitler was confident he could invade with ease due to the nazi-soviet pact and britain and france’s appeasement.
however, britian had signed an agreement with poland guaranteeing security from nazi attacks.
in 1939 a german battleship opened fire on the port of danzig.
britian sent an ultimatum to germany that they either withdraw they troops or the would be in a state of war with germany.
britian declared war on germany and france followed.
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causes of the second world war:
hilter
- hitlers foreign policies , meaning hitler would have to invade countries.
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causes of the second world war:
failure of the league of nations
- failure in manchuria showed the league was weak.
- the abyssinian crisis showed Britain and france would undermine the league.
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causes of the second world war:
the depression
- desperate contrived we’re too preoccupied with their own problems
- desperate people turned to dictators.
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causes of the second world war:
appeasement
- opportunities to stop hilter were missed.
- people over europe were desperate to avoid war
- chamberlain made a mistake trusting hitler.
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causes of the second world war:
nazi soviet pact
- meant hilter didn’t have to face war on two fronts.
- meant hitler was backed by the ussr
- allowed hitler to invade poland, which france and britian promised to protect.
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causes of the second world war:
treaty of versailles
- too harsh on germany.
- hitler promised to ought the wiring of the treaty.
- territory taken from russia to form poland
- created new states and hilter was determined to reunite these people.
