Confined space Flashcards
O2 limits < \_\_\_\_ deficient < \_\_\_\_ rescuer will pant < \_\_\_\_ rescuer will get dizzy/headache < \_\_\_\_ unconsciousness < \_\_\_\_ death
19.5 17 15 9 6
CO
Explosive range
SCBA required
IDLH
12.5-74.2 50ppm 1500ppm 1000ppm death in 2-3 hrs 4000ppm death less than 1hr
Hydrogen sulfide H2S LEL coughing, loss of sense of smell loss of consciousness/death in 30-60 min rapid LOC/death
4.3%
100ppm
500-700ppm
700-1000ppm
VOlatile organic compounds (VOC)
organic chem with high vapor pressure at room temp. include solvents, paint thinner, nail polish remover, vapors from gas, heat oil, kerosene
ductile behavior
ability of a material to stretch/bend without suddenly breaking
tension
is two forces being applied through an object at 180 * to each other, usually along the long axis
concrete/masonry have no reliable tension strength
shear force
two forces applied directly toward each other (offset) through and object
-square to parallelogram
steel starts to loose strength at ___ degrees
700
The expansion of steel at 1000 degrees is ___ inches per 100ft
10
wood tends to fail
slowly and nosily
weight of steel earth wood concrete reinforced concrete
490 lb/cu ft 100 lb/cu ft 40 ib/cu ft 145 lb/cu ft 150 lb/cu ft
lateral load is 1% of the building weight for every ___% it’s out of plum
1
crushing in wood will occur around ____ lb/sq in
500-700
nails to connect members
16d
nails for gusset plates
8d
T-spot shore
weight rating
temporary shore
1,000-4000lbs
double t shore
weight rating
8, 10, 12 ft
16,000
10,000
7,000
two post vertical shore rating
4x4: 8, 10, 12
6x6 12, 14, 16
16,000 10,000 7,000 40,000 29,000 24,000
door/window shore
4x4
6x6
2,000
6,000
prefab window/door
4x4
6x6
2,000
6,000
laced post shore
4x4
6x6
32,000
80,000
2 two post vertical shores, laced together
inside shore is a safe haven
sloped floor shore
angle of floors
4x4
6x6
15-45 degree
24,000
60,000
*may be less depending on slope
cribbing max slope 4x4: 2x2, 3x3 6x6: 2x2, 3x3 max height
15 degrees 24,000 54,000 60,000 135,000 4ft, 6ft
raker shores
Angles
spaced
x bracing is placed
30-60
<8ft on center
at the ends and every 40ft
solid sole raker
angle
4x4
6x6
45-60
4,000 per raker
5,600 per raker
split sole raker
angle
4x4
6x6
can be used over rubble piles
45-60
4,000
5,600
concrete is strong in ___ but weak in ____ and _____
compression
tension, shear
Concrete walls
8 inches will have __ layer of rebar ___ apart
>8 inches
1, 8-16 vertical and horizontal
2 layers of rebar
T/F rescue teams should not cut post-tensioned cables unless absolutely necessary
T
Two methods to cut post-tensioned cables
remove concrete and casing then:
1: use a torch to slowly heat the cable to stretch out the then cut
2: use carbide saw to cut one strand of a time (of 7)
inspection hole
hole drilled prior to cutting in order to assess hidden side and account for victim location and safety
relief cuts
address tension and shear vs compression. Cut with saw in square, x, or triangle shape
bevel cut
angled cut for lift-out ops. limits the slab from falling into the hole
step cuts
used for lift out ops when slab is thicker than saw. cut trench and then cut again
stitch drills
holes through concrete in a close stitch pattern. similar to relief cut
center of gravity
point around which the object’s mass is evenly distributed
simple MA system
all pulleys move at the same speed and direction
compound MA system
one simple system pulls on another simple system and some of the travelling pulleys move at a different speed than the load
complex MA system
pulleys move in the opposite direction of the load
High pressure airbags
at max height ____
max working capacities are _____
lift capacity ____
reduced to 50%
added together
is that of the smaller bag
3 use of airbags
to spread or push
to lift and stabilize
to prevent rolling
load angle factors
60*
45*
30*
1.1
1.5
2
shackles
removable links to connect wire/ripe/chain for lifting
swivel hoist ring
attached to concrete with expansion anchor, through bolt
8 steps for search and rescue ops
1secure the area 2 survey and perform size up 3 shut off utilities 4 rescue surface victims 5 search voids and crevasses 6 call a time out to withdraw and perform a safety size up 7 tunnel and trench to buried victims 8 remove general derbis
gold strut weight rating
120,000lbs
grey strut ratings
40,000lbs
gold raker lengths
6’ or 8’
rules for paratech strut numbering
even #s struts with heigh range?
odds #s extensions?
Struts are not designed to accept
more than ___extensions with a total combined
length of ____
two
36”
high pressure air bags run at ___ psi
low pressure at ___ psi
118
14.8
weight of dirt
dirt
