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Linux > Configuring Hardware > Flashcards

Configuring Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

BIOS

A

Basic Input/Output System; used on older systems

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2
Q

UEFI

A

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, maintains system hardware status and launching the installed os, adopted in 2005

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3
Q

what was a limitation of BIOS firmware

A

it can read only one sectors worth of data from a hard drive into memory to run

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4
Q

describe the BIOS boot process

A

BIOS runs bootloader. The bootloader can be on a number of devices, but if it is on a hard drive, then it looks to the master boot record (MBR) for the bootloader. The bootloader points to the actual location of the OS.

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5
Q

master boot record (MBR)

A

first sector on the first hard drive partition on the system

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6
Q

chainloading

A

making the primary boot loader point to a secondary boot loader or program

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7
Q

EFI

A

Extensible Firmware Interface, created in 1998

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8
Q

how is UEFI different from BIOS

A

UEFI specifies a special disk partition, called the EFI System Partition, to store boot loader programs. Any size boot loader is allowed. There can also be multiple boot loader programs for multiple OSs.

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9
Q

ESP (UEFI)

A

utilizes old Microsoft File Allocation Table (FAT) filesystem to store boot loader programs

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10
Q

Where is ESP mounted in Linux systems?

A

/boot/efi

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11
Q

What is the file extension for boot loaded programs

A

.efi

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12
Q

PCI

A

Peripheral Component Interconnect

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13
Q

What version of PCI is currently used on most server sizes on motherboards?

A

PCI Express (PCIe)

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14
Q

GPIO Interface

A

General Purpose Input/Output interface

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15
Q

What interface has become popular with small utility LInux systems, designed for controlling external devices for automation projects?

A

GPIO

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16
Q

device files

A

files that the Linux kernel creates in the special /dev directory to interface with hardware devices

17
Q

What are the two types of device files in Linux?

A

Character device files and Block device files

18
Q

Character device files

A

transfer data one character at a time. Often used for serial devices such as terminals and USB devices

19
Q

block device files

A

transfer data in large blocks of data. Often used for high-speed data transfer devices such as hard drives and network cards

20
Q

What is the name of a virtual directory that the kernel dynamically populates to provide access to information about the system hardware settings and status?

A

/proc

21
Q

What does IRQ stand for and what does it do?

A

Interrupt Requests allow hardware devices to indicate when they have data to send to the CPU. Handled by PNP.

22
Q

how can you view the current IRQs on your system?

A

cat /proc/interrupts

23
Q

What are system I/O ports?

A

locations in memory where the CPU can send data to and receive data from the hardware device. Handled by PNP.

24
Q

DMA channels

A

send data from a hardware device directly to memory on the system without waiting for the CPU

25
Q

how do you display I/O ports on a system?

A

sudo cat /proc/ioports

26
Q

how do you display DMA channels currently in use by the system?

A

cat /proc/dma

27
Q

what is the /sys directory?

A

a virtual directory, created by the kernel in the sysfs filesystem format, and provides additional information about hardware devices that any user on the system can access

28
Q

how do you view the files in the /sys directory?

A

sudo ls -al /sys

29
Q

lsdev

A

displays information about the hardware devices installed on the Linux system

30
Q

ldsblk

A

displays all block devices

31
Q

kernel modules

A

individual hardware driver files that can be linked into the kernel at runtime

32
Q

lsmod

A

lists all modules installed on your system

33
Q

modinfo [device]

A

displays information about a specific module

34
Q

what two commands can help with installing a new module?

A

insmod and modprobe

35
Q

.ko extention

A

represents a module file

Linux (19 decks)

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