Confidence Flashcards
What is Social Facilitation
it is the influence of the presence of others on performance, which has a positive effect.
What is Social inhibition
it is that negative performance is caused by the presence of others during performance.
What is Evaluation Apprehension
A sense of anxiety experienced by a performer, caused by the feeling that they are being judged by the audience.
What is Proximity effect
The influence of the crowd is more marked when closer to the play
Zajonc suggested that their were 4 factors that can cause social facilitation or inhibition
Audience- Those watching either as spectators at the event or at home due to different forms of media
co-actors- those performing the same task but not direct competition
Competitive co-actors- Those in direct competition with the performer
Social Reinforces - Those with a direct influence e.g the coach
Factors affecting social facilitation
Trait anxiety levels
Size of audience - creates more arousal
Proximity of the audience- the closer the audience the greater the arousal
Intentions of the audience- can be positive or negative
Skill level of the task-If the skill is well learnt or not well learnt
Personalty of the performer- extroverts will perform better than introverts when aroused
Type of task-Gross or fine skills need different amounts of arousal
Status of observer
Knowledge of the watching crowd
Age and gender
Strategies for combating social inhibition
Develop use of mental rehearsal
train in front of others and increase numbers of others
Improve selective attention
Reduce important of next match
Avoid social comparison with others
Encourage teammates to be supportive
Increase self-efficacy
Use stress management techniques
Use attributions correctly
Ensure skills are over-learned to encourage the dominant habit to occur as the levels of arousal increase
Advantages of Home Advantages
In USA more matches won at home
During early round of competitions, home advantage helps
Home advantage mainly due to the audience support
More fouls committed by the away team
The proximity of the crowd to the playing area, results to more noise being produced
Olympic hosts win more medals than before and after
Home team tend to play a more attacking style within the rules
Coaches are aware of pressure and coach players to deal with them
Disadvantage of Home Advantage
As competitions progress playing at home may hinder performance due to increased expectations of home supporters
The more important the game the greater the negative effect on the home team
Supports can create high expectations of success leading to higher pressure.
Home team players have a high self awareness
Higher personal expectations leading to over thinking a basic action
What is Baron’s Distraction-Conflict theory
Baron claims that athletes must focus their attention on the demands of the task in hand, and anything which may distract them will hinder their performance.
What is self-efficacy
The perception or self-belief in your own ability to cope with the demands of the situation
Individuals
Choice of activity
Amount of effort applied
Levels of persistence
