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Social Studies 10 > Confederation > Flashcards

Confederation Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the leader of Le Parti Rouge?

A

A.A. Dorian

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2
Q

Who was the leader of Clear Grit?

A

George Brown

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3
Q

Who was the leader of Liberal Conservative?

A

John A. MacDonald

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4
Q

Who was the leader of Le Parti Bleus?

A

Jacques Cartier

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5
Q

What were the five reasons for Confederation?

A

1) Railway
2) Trade with the US
3) Threat of American expansion northward
4) Changing British attitudes
5) Political Deadlock and the Great Coalition

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6
Q

Who supported annexation?

A

the english-speaking merchants

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7
Q

Who opposed annexation and why?

A

1) french-speakers: ways of life could be affected both culturally and language
2) Loyalists: cut ties with Britian

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8
Q

What is reciprocity?

A

It means that it is a beneficial agreement for both sides, in which both sides gain.

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9
Q

Who benefited and what occurred during reciprocity?

A

The US could fish in our waters off the east coast (N.B, N.S, P.E.I) and Canadians could ship certain things from certain provinces into the US without tariffs (natural resources)

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10
Q

When was the Quebec Conference held?

A

October 10 to 27, 1864

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11
Q

What colonies were represented at the Quebec Conference?

A

South Ontario, South Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, PEI and Newfoundland

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12
Q

what were the goals of the Quebec Conference?

A

1) finish negotiations from the Charlottetown Conference (unite the 5 British colonies under a federal banner)

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13
Q

During the Quebec Conference what did they decide to do about the bad weather?

A

To throw a party

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14
Q

During the Quebec Conference what was the first thing they agreed on?

A

each of them would have one voice during votes, except Canada which had two

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15
Q

What type of government did John A. MacDonald want?

A
  • provinces not to much power

- strong central government

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16
Q

In MacDonald’s opinion what was the problem with the American style of government?

A

-weak union, to much state power

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17
Q

During the Quebec Conference (and in general) who was worried about losing their identity?

A

Maritime and French-Canadians

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18
Q

During the Quebec Conference what two issues proved difficult to decide on?

A

1) distribution of the seats in the senate

2) financial arrangements submitted by Alexander T. Galt

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19
Q

Who and why opposed the provisions of the Quebec Conference?

A

PEI

not a fair number of seats in senate or House of Commons

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20
Q

What are the 72-Resolutions?

A

established a plan for a later meeting of all BNA colonies

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21
Q

When was Canada officially born?

A

July 1st 1867

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22
Q

What provinces were included in the confederation of Canada in 1867?

A

Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia

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23
Q

Was defense a provincial or federal power?

A

Federal

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24
Q

Was mines and forests a provincial or federal power?

A

Federal

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25
Q

Was fisheries a provincial or federal power?

A

federal

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26
Q

was customs and duties provincial or federal?

A

federal

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27
Q

was criminal law a federal or provincial power?

A

federal

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28
Q

Who recommended MacDonald and Cartier become prime minister?

A

Alexander Galt

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29
Q

was banks a provincial or federal power?

A

Federal

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30
Q

was immigration a provincial or federal power?

A

Federal

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31
Q

was aboriginal affairs a provincial or federal power?

A

Federal

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32
Q

was trade a provincial or federal power

A

federal

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33
Q

was foreign affairs a provincial or federal power?

A

federal

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34
Q

was education a provincial or federal power?

A

provincial

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35
Q

was property rights a provincial or federal power?

A

provincial

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36
Q

was taxation a provincial or federal power?

A

provincial

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37
Q

was the licensing of businesses a provincial or federal power?

A

provinical

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38
Q

was shipping a provincial or federal power?

A

provincial

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39
Q

Who and what was the liberal-conservative party’s power base and main concerns?

A

Power Base: Loyalists
Main concerns: -wanted to uphold British tradition
-for confederation
-thought the Canadian government would change to radically

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40
Q

Who and what was the Clear-Grit Party’s power base and main concerns?

A

Power Base: reformers from Canada West who were English-speaking Canadians
Main concerns: -opposed Baldwin’s policies
-they supported representation by population because they wanted more power in the legislative assembly

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41
Q

Who was Le Parti Rouge’s power base?

A

Power Base:- french Canadiens

  • radical liberal political party from Canada East
  • reformers fighting for the rights of the Canadiens and for democratic reforms (universal suffrage)
  • allied with Clear Grit
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42
Q

What was Le Parti Rouge’s main concerns?

A
  • wanted a better situation for Canadiens
  • main opposition Le Parti Bleus
  • main concern to keep rights without Lower Canada changing them and their culture
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43
Q

Who and what was the Le Parti Bleus power base and main concerns?

A
  • English speaking Canadians and Canadiens in co-operation

- “rep by pop” this would result in Canada east having less power

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44
Q

What were three main benefits of Confederation

A

1) economic stability between provinces
2) a strong central government
3) the west could not be annexed with the US

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45
Q

What was the goal of the Charlottetown Conference? Who agreed to meet at Quebec to continue negotiations and with who?

A

Goal: to discuss Maritime Union

Discuss joining with PEI and Newfoundland

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46
Q

Under the BNA Act 5 powers held by the federal (national) government are:

A

1) the public debt and property
2) the regulation of trade and commerce
3) unemployment insurance
4) postal service
5) navigation and shipping

47
Q

Five powers held by provincial government:

A

1) the burrowing of money on the sole credit of the province
2) municipal institutions in the province
3) Property and civil rights in the province
4) the solemnization of marriage in the province
5) the incorporation of companies with provincial objects

48
Q

who attended the Charlottetown conference?

A
  • Nova Scotia
  • PEI
  • New Brunswick
  • Canada (Ontario and Quebec)
49
Q

Who attended the Quebec Conference?

A
  • province of Canada (Ontario and Quebec)

- all of the maritime colonies including newfoundland

50
Q

Who attended the London (England) Conference?

A
  • province of Canada
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
51
Q

What is federation

A

A federal union in which members keep certain powers themselves give certain powers to a central government

52
Q

Clear grit

A

So called because a brace person has grits

53
Q

Canadas

A

The collective name for upper and lower Canada

54
Q

Responsible government

A

Government that is responsible to the people

55
Q

Constitution

A

The laws that set forth the powers and responsibilities of the government and guarantee the rights of the people

56
Q

Rep by pop

A

The number of elected members of the legislative assembly based on the number of votes

57
Q

Federal union

A

A political union in which the members have certain powers over their own affairs and certain powers are turned over to a central government

58
Q

Intercontinental railway

A

A railway that joins various colonies

59
Q

Free trade

A

Trade between countries where taxes and tariffs are not involved

60
Q

Tariffs

A

A tax paid on goods brought into a country or colony

61
Q

Resolutions

A

A list of guidelines or rules that are to be followed as a basis for ruling a group of people

62
Q

La survivance

A

The cultural survival especially of the French language and culture and of the Roman Catholic Religion

63
Q

Subsidies

A

A loan of money that the government contributes or sets aside for a given year’s budget

64
Q

Provincial rights

A

The powers maintained by the provincial governments usually involving cultural social and local issues

65
Q

Lobby

A

To represent a special interest to the government. A lobbyist tries to get the lawmakers to introduce or vote for measures favourable to the lobbyists special interests

66
Q 
Who:
Attended midland business school
15 became a lawyer
19 own law office
21 called up to Law Society of Upper Canada
Wrote 50 of the 72 resolutions
A

MacDonald

67
Q

Who was born January 11th 1815 in merchant city United Kingdom
Came to Canada in 182? Arriving in Kingston

A

MacDonald

68
Q

What was MacDonald’s political party and was he for or against confederation? Why?

A
  • leader of Conservative party
  • first prime minister of upper Canada
  • for confederation: wanted a strong central, unitary government
69
Q

Who: only supporter of confederation in Nova Scotia

  • vision of centralized federal union
  • helped build railway network
  • brought up the Free School Act
A

Tupper

70
Q

Who was born July 2 1821 in Nova Scotia

Was the shortest serving Prime Minister

A

Tupper

71
Q

Was Tupper for or against confederation what party was he with

A
  • apart of Conservative party

- for confederation believes it would boost Nova Scotia’s commercial sector and provide the colony a greater influence

72
Q

Who:

  • remarried twice and had three kids
  • strong supporter of intercolonial railway and responsible government
A

Tilley

73
Q

Who was born in Gagetown New Brunswick on May 8th 1818

A

Tilley

74
Q

Did tilley support confederation? Why? What party?

A
  • liberal conservative
  • for confederation: create a sturdy central government and provide financial benefits
  • twice lieutenant governor of New Brunswick
75
Q

Who:

  • married his sister in law
  • wanted pro-development, subsides for businesses
A

Galt

76
Q

Who was born in Chelsea England?

A

Galt

77
Q

Was galt for or against confederation and what party did he belong to?

A
  • Conservative party

- give businesses better chance for survival,end political structure and give Quebec and Ontario separate legislatures

78
Q

Who: moved to Toronto from the us

  • started two newspapers
  • newspaper=independent reformer in the assembly
  • fought for reform won over clear grit
A

Brown

79
Q

What party was brown apart of? Was he for or against confederation?

A
  • independent reformer than part of clear grit party

- for confederation: wanted union, brown joined rivals

80
Q

Who:

  • leader of Canada east for a short time
  • attorney general of Canada East
  • sat in House of Commons
  • briefly minister of justice
  • named Chief Justice
A

Dorion

81
Q

Was Dorian for or against confederation? And what party?

A
  • le parti rouge
  • against confederation: provinces lose all powers
  • a judge, politician, lawyer
82
Q

Who

  • originally focused on Irish self-determination
  • tried to lead revolutions for the Irish
  • was assassinated
A

McGee

83
Q

What party was McGee with? Did he support confederation?

A
  • reform government of George brown and MacDonald
  • became liberal-conservative
  • wanted Canada to become a nucleus of a nation
84
Q

Who:

  • made novascotian a leading provincial newspaper
  • charged with criminal libel
  • began Nova Scotia railway
  • primer and imperial fishery commissioner under Reciprocity Treaty
A

Howe

85
Q

What was Howes political party and was he for or against confederation?

A
  • conservative reformer
  • entered coalition with the Tories
  • against Confederation: against popular consent, conflicted with plans for organized British Empire
86
Q

Who:

  • apprenticed Joseph Howe in printing office
  • became editor to three newspapers
  • progressive agenda
  • accepted office of Queens Printer then lost by-election
A

Whelan

87
Q

What party was whelan apart of? Did he support confederation?

A
  • member of liberal party

- for confederation: colonial office would no longer be intermeddling etc.

88
Q

Who:

  • fought in the rebellions of 1837
  • moved to Montreal and served co-premier with MacDonald
  • brought in that Ottawa would be good for a capital
  • inspired intercolonial railway
  • played a role in securing Ruperts land
A

-Cartier

89
Q

Was Cartier for or against confederation? And what party?

A
  • brought to cabinet as liberal reformer
  • member of le Parti bleu
  • led a case for a federation of provinces
90
Q

What decisions were made at the Charlottetown conference?

A
  • work toward confederation of all BNA colonies

- havesecond meeting

91
Q

What was the conference before Charlottetown’s purpose?

A

For all of the maritimes to discuss the possibility of confederation

92
Q

What decisions were made during the Quebec conference?

A
  • 72-Resolutions

- new country would be formed and structured

93
Q

What decisions were made during the London England conference?

A
  • New Brunswick got assurances a railway would get built
  • provincial government subsidies
  • passing of the 72-resolutions
  • BNA Act was passed (July 1st 1867)
94
Q

What argument did MacDonald Cartier and Brown use to try to convince the maritimes to join?

A

Build a railway from Atlantic to Pacific

Stronger economically together

95
Q

During the Quebec conference was responsibility does Cartier have to take?

A

Speak on behalf of the French

96
Q

What problem did PEI want to resolve at the conference?

A

Wanted Canadians to help them buy out absentee land owners

97
Q

What three things came to an agreement during the Quebec conference?

A

1) rep by pop
2) division of power between provincial and federal government
3) peace order and government

98
Q

In the Canadian government who represents the monarch?

A

The Governor General

99
Q

What are the representitives from each province called in the House of Commons?

A

Members of parliament

100
Q

Who makes up the senate and what does it stand for?

A

Senate meant to represent regional interests

The are members for life

101
Q

What does the legislative Branch do?

A

-makes laws

Votes on taxes

102
Q

What does the Cabinet do?

A
  • debate policy

- take suggestions to governor

103
Q

What does the executive branch do?

A
  • policy makers
  • approve proposed legislation
  • advise the governor
  • makes up the cabinet
104
Q

What does the Judicial Branch do?

A
  • interpret laws

- carry out justice

105
Q

Who supported rep by pop

A

MacDonald and brown

106
Q

Who made up the coalition

A

Brown, MacDonald, Cartier

107
Q

What is annexation?

A

To join another existing state in order to benefit their current situation

108
Q

What idea came from Montreal merchants at the end of mercantilism?

A

Annexation

109
Q

Who supported annexation?

A

Lower Canada, merchant class

110
Q

Why did the Canadiens and Canadians not want annexation?

A

No protection (French), loyalists (ties with Britain), Baldwin opposed

111
Q

Why did the Canadien merchants want reciprocity and why didn’t the Americans want reciprocity?

A

Canadien- needed market to make up for losses obtained because of Britain’s new free trade policy
Americans- goods made in Britain could be made for cheaper than in goods in the US

112
Q

Who agreed to the Reciprocity Treaty?

A

Lord Elgin

113
Q

What conditions in Europe and the US created markets goods for BNA?

A
  • began building ships
  • needed lumber (larger population)
  • war required exports to keep soldiers fed and supplied

Social Studies 10 (7 decks)

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