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Social Studies 10 > Chapter 4-Opening Up The West > Flashcards

Chapter 4-Opening Up The West Flashcards

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1
Q

Hierarchy

A

People in authority ranked from top to bottom

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2
Q

Montrealers

A

People from Montreal

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3
Q

Middle men

A

Someone who acts as a dealer between two parties who want to exchange goods

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4
Q

Voyageurs

A

French Canadians who transported goods in canoes

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5
Q

Celibacy

A

Abstinence from sexual relashionships

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6
Q

Seigneurial pattern

A

The long-lot pattern of the seigneuries of New France

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7
Q

Liberal Democrat

A

In the 19th century, someone who fought for the rights of the underprivileged

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8
Q

Muzzle loader

A

Any firearm loaded with muzzle

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9
Q

Canada west

A

Upper Canada after the Act of Union 1841

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10
Q

Orange order

A

An Irish Protestant and political society

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11
Q

Land speculators

A

Someone who buys and sells land for a profit

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12
Q

Dominion

A

A country that rules itself

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13
Q

Munitions

A

Military weapons

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14
Q

Diversity

A

To branch out

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15
Q

Provisional government

A

A temporary government

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16
Q

Autocratic

A

In a manner of absolute power

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17
Q

Ray Mears

A

Pretended to live the life of a voyageur

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18
Q

Who started the HBC

A

Radisson and Groseilliers

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19
Q

Who issued the pemmican proclamation?

A

Miles McDonell

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20
Q

When the joined HBC started operations who was ‘little emperor’?

A

George Simpson

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21
Q

Who was the prime minister at the time this was happening?

A

John A. MacDonald

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22
Q

Who was Thomas Scott?

A

Belligerent member of the Canadian Party.

Executed because he published anti-Metis views and physically and emotionally abused his guards

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23
Q

Who was Dr. Christian Schultz?

A

One of the first immigrants in Canada West. Had an uncompleted medical degree. He opened a general store and took over the newspaper the NorWester
Started the Canadian Party

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24
Q

Who was a politician that stood up for the Metis and was Metis

A

Louis Riel

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25
Q

What three things did Louis start?

A

Provisional government, Metis Bill of Rights and the National Committee of the Metis

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26
Q

Who was the head person at fort Garry?

A

William McTavish

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27
Q

Who was sent by John A MacDonald to become Lieutenant Governor?

A

William McDougall

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28
Q

Who started the Selkirk Settlement?

A

Thomas Douglas- 5th Earl of Selkirk

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29
Q

Who were the Scottish colonists led by when they burned down Metis fort- fort Gibraltar?

A

Robert Semple

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30
Q

Who were the Metis led by when they raided HBC boats on the Assiniboine River?

A

Cuthbert Grant

31
Q

Who were the 5 groups of the Northwest?

A

1) Ojibwa
2) Assiniboine
3) Cree
4) chipewayan
5) Inuit

32
Q

What were the First Nations jobs?

A

Middlemen
Trappers
Guides
Traders

NWC
Wives

33
Q

What were the 7 impacts of the fur trade on the First Nations People

A

1) traditional hunting practices abounded to supply furs
2) Traditional skills neglected and sometimes lost
3) affected by prices and demands
4) liquor introduced as a trade good
5) species endangered due to fur trade
6) diseases introduced especially smallpox
7) European goods incorporated into First Nations everyday life

34
Q

What was HBC originally built around

A

Beaver pelts

35
Q

Why were beaver pelts in demand

A

Made great hats which was a sign of status

36
Q

Who set up in the east and in the north

A

French in the east

English in the north

37
Q

What were the Earliest fur traders were known as runners in the woods or courier debouis

A

runners in the woods or courier debouis

38
Q

What native technology made the fur trade possible and the most important aspect of the fur trade the Europeans would adopt from the First Nations?

A

Birch bark canoes

39
Q

What are examples of trade goods?

A 
Traps
Kettles
Axes
Muskets 
Tomahawks (most popular item)
40
Q

As the fur trade grew what was made to make more profit?

A

Montreal canoe

41
Q

What are portages?

A

Transporting a canoe by carrying it between rivers

42
Q

Who owns the land where the Assiniboine and the Res Rivers meet and who are squatters?

A

HBC own the land

Metis and NWC are squatters

43
Q

How did the fields and fences threaten the Nor’westers?

A

Food supply and trade routes

44
Q

What did Cameron urge the Metis to do?

A

Destroy the settlement (guerrilla warfare)

45
Q

After the battle of seven oaks what was the joined companies named?

A

HBC

46
Q

Why was George Simpson a little emperor?

A
  • in six years got rid of half the employees, closed 73 posts
  • took country wives
  • marries his cousin Francis Simpson (she was 18 he was 40)
  • has character book
47
Q

Why were the Metis upset with HBC and the surveyors

A

Had no legal claim to the land but felt they had the right to it

48
Q

Why did Canada purchase Rupert’s land?

A

To create a dominion

49
Q

What did MacDonald do after the act was passed to create Manitoba

A

Sent in a force of 1200 men under Colonel Wolseley to keep the peace until the transfer to a new provincial government

50
Q

What was MacDonald’s reaction to riel and the Metis after Schultz was taken hostage?

A

He rushed to negotiate or recognize Riel

51
Q

When did Canada want to take over Rupert’s Land?

A

When the HBC lease on Rupert’s Land was about to expire

52
Q

Despite not having claim to the area, what does McDougall do?

A

Crosses the boarder and reads his proclamation out loud

53
Q

When Riel seizes and locks up Schultz’s men what does Riel claim?

A

The end of HBC control over all of Rupert’s Land

54
Q

What types of members were in Riel’s provisional government?

A

French and English members

55
Q

What was Thomas Scott

A

An Orangeman

56
Q

What were the items that MacDonald and Cartier were meeting to discuss?

A

Responsible government
A province of their own
Provisions for separate schools for Catholics

57
Q

Manitoba was declared Canada’s _____ province

A

5th

58
Q

After the transfer how much land mass has the Dominion of Canada acquired?

A

2.3 million square miles (30 times the size of Britain)

59
Q

Who were voyageurs?

A

Paddlers for NWC and many were married to Native women

60
Q

By the 19th century many people of the Northwest were of ________

A

European-Native Descent (Metis)

61
Q

The country born and the Metis spoke what language? And where did they settle?

A

Algonquian and French

Red River Valley

62
Q

What provinces and states does the Red River Valley include? (6)

A 
Saskatchewan 
Ontario
Manitoba
North Dakota
South Dakota
63
Q

What are saddle horses?

A

Pulled carts to herd bison

64
Q

What are buffalo runners?

A

Experienced huntsmen

65
Q

Who did the Metis sell Pemmican to?

A

HBC and NWC traders

66
Q

What is enclosure? And where did the displaced people go?

A

The act of closing farmland and a change to sheep raising

To emigrate to BNA

67
Q

Who was Thomas Douglas-5th Earl of Selkirk and what did he do?

A
  • former director of HBC
  • brought displaced farmers to Rupert’s Land
  • HBC owned Rupert’s Land
  • convinced HBC to give him 300,000 of land in southern Rupert’s Land
68
Q

What did MacDonell insist the NWC employees due in six months

A

Vacate all their posts in the Red River Valley

69
Q

Who fought in the battle of seven oaks

A

Semple (colonists) and Grant (Metis and NWC).

Grant won

70
Q

Who did Selkirk make a treaty with in the spring of 1817? What were the terms of the treaty?

A

Ojibwa and Cree
Selkirk would gain possession of the Red River Valley land the Red River and Assiniboine River
Selkirk payment to Metis and NWC was 100 pounds of tabaco a year

71
Q

What are two reasons the HBC and NWC?

A

1) both suffering financially due to lawsuits over the Red River Colony
2) resource base depleted

72
Q

Why did George Simpson leave the Red River?

A

George’s 18 year wife was racist and would not socialize with the Metis. Left isolated and after losing infant son they left for England

73
Q

What did people do in the Red River Valley?

A 
Scottish farms provided HBC food
Metis contributed to bison hunt 
Country born had white collar jobs
Women worked harder than men
Women baked bannock for their large families

Social Studies 10 (7 decks)

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