Chapter 4-Opening Up The West Flashcards
Hierarchy
People in authority ranked from top to bottom
Montrealers
People from Montreal
Middle men
Someone who acts as a dealer between two parties who want to exchange goods
Voyageurs
French Canadians who transported goods in canoes
Celibacy
Abstinence from sexual relashionships
Seigneurial pattern
The long-lot pattern of the seigneuries of New France
Liberal Democrat
In the 19th century, someone who fought for the rights of the underprivileged
Muzzle loader
Any firearm loaded with muzzle
Canada west
Upper Canada after the Act of Union 1841
Orange order
An Irish Protestant and political society
Land speculators
Someone who buys and sells land for a profit
Dominion
A country that rules itself
Munitions
Military weapons
Diversity
To branch out
Provisional government
A temporary government
Autocratic
In a manner of absolute power
Ray Mears
Pretended to live the life of a voyageur
Who started the HBC
Radisson and Groseilliers
Who issued the pemmican proclamation?
Miles McDonell
When the joined HBC started operations who was ‘little emperor’?
George Simpson
Who was the prime minister at the time this was happening?
John A. MacDonald
Who was Thomas Scott?
Belligerent member of the Canadian Party.
Executed because he published anti-Metis views and physically and emotionally abused his guards
Who was Dr. Christian Schultz?
One of the first immigrants in Canada West. Had an uncompleted medical degree. He opened a general store and took over the newspaper the NorWester
Started the Canadian Party
Who was a politician that stood up for the Metis and was Metis
Louis Riel
What three things did Louis start?
Provisional government, Metis Bill of Rights and the National Committee of the Metis
Who was the head person at fort Garry?
William McTavish
Who was sent by John A MacDonald to become Lieutenant Governor?
William McDougall
Who started the Selkirk Settlement?
Thomas Douglas- 5th Earl of Selkirk
Who were the Scottish colonists led by when they burned down Metis fort- fort Gibraltar?
Robert Semple
Who were the Metis led by when they raided HBC boats on the Assiniboine River?
Cuthbert Grant
Who were the 5 groups of the Northwest?
1) Ojibwa
2) Assiniboine
3) Cree
4) chipewayan
5) Inuit
What were the First Nations jobs?
Middlemen
Trappers
Guides
Traders
NWC
Wives
What were the 7 impacts of the fur trade on the First Nations People
1) traditional hunting practices abounded to supply furs
2) Traditional skills neglected and sometimes lost
3) affected by prices and demands
4) liquor introduced as a trade good
5) species endangered due to fur trade
6) diseases introduced especially smallpox
7) European goods incorporated into First Nations everyday life
What was HBC originally built around
Beaver pelts
Why were beaver pelts in demand
Made great hats which was a sign of status
Who set up in the east and in the north
French in the east
English in the north
What were the Earliest fur traders were known as runners in the woods or courier debouis
runners in the woods or courier debouis
What native technology made the fur trade possible and the most important aspect of the fur trade the Europeans would adopt from the First Nations?
Birch bark canoes
What are examples of trade goods?
Traps Kettles Axes Muskets Tomahawks (most popular item)
As the fur trade grew what was made to make more profit?
Montreal canoe
What are portages?
Transporting a canoe by carrying it between rivers
Who owns the land where the Assiniboine and the Res Rivers meet and who are squatters?
HBC own the land
Metis and NWC are squatters
How did the fields and fences threaten the Nor’westers?
Food supply and trade routes
What did Cameron urge the Metis to do?
Destroy the settlement (guerrilla warfare)
After the battle of seven oaks what was the joined companies named?
HBC
Why was George Simpson a little emperor?
- in six years got rid of half the employees, closed 73 posts
- took country wives
- marries his cousin Francis Simpson (she was 18 he was 40)
- has character book
Why were the Metis upset with HBC and the surveyors
Had no legal claim to the land but felt they had the right to it
Why did Canada purchase Rupert’s land?
To create a dominion
What did MacDonald do after the act was passed to create Manitoba
Sent in a force of 1200 men under Colonel Wolseley to keep the peace until the transfer to a new provincial government
What was MacDonald’s reaction to riel and the Metis after Schultz was taken hostage?
He rushed to negotiate or recognize Riel
When did Canada want to take over Rupert’s Land?
When the HBC lease on Rupert’s Land was about to expire
Despite not having claim to the area, what does McDougall do?
Crosses the boarder and reads his proclamation out loud
When Riel seizes and locks up Schultz’s men what does Riel claim?
The end of HBC control over all of Rupert’s Land
What types of members were in Riel’s provisional government?
French and English members
What was Thomas Scott
An Orangeman
What were the items that MacDonald and Cartier were meeting to discuss?
Responsible government
A province of their own
Provisions for separate schools for Catholics
Manitoba was declared Canada’s _____ province
5th
After the transfer how much land mass has the Dominion of Canada acquired?
2.3 million square miles (30 times the size of Britain)
Who were voyageurs?
Paddlers for NWC and many were married to Native women
By the 19th century many people of the Northwest were of ________
European-Native Descent (Metis)
The country born and the Metis spoke what language? And where did they settle?
Algonquian and French
Red River Valley
What provinces and states does the Red River Valley include? (6)
Saskatchewan Ontario Manitoba North Dakota South Dakota
What are saddle horses?
Pulled carts to herd bison
What are buffalo runners?
Experienced huntsmen
Who did the Metis sell Pemmican to?
HBC and NWC traders
What is enclosure? And where did the displaced people go?
The act of closing farmland and a change to sheep raising
To emigrate to BNA
Who was Thomas Douglas-5th Earl of Selkirk and what did he do?
- former director of HBC
- brought displaced farmers to Rupert’s Land
- HBC owned Rupert’s Land
- convinced HBC to give him 300,000 of land in southern Rupert’s Land
What did MacDonell insist the NWC employees due in six months
Vacate all their posts in the Red River Valley
Who fought in the battle of seven oaks
Semple (colonists) and Grant (Metis and NWC).
Grant won
Who did Selkirk make a treaty with in the spring of 1817? What were the terms of the treaty?
Ojibwa and Cree
Selkirk would gain possession of the Red River Valley land the Red River and Assiniboine River
Selkirk payment to Metis and NWC was 100 pounds of tabaco a year
What are two reasons the HBC and NWC?
1) both suffering financially due to lawsuits over the Red River Colony
2) resource base depleted
Why did George Simpson leave the Red River?
George’s 18 year wife was racist and would not socialize with the Metis. Left isolated and after losing infant son they left for England
What did people do in the Red River Valley?
Scottish farms provided HBC food Metis contributed to bison hunt Country born had white collar jobs Women worked harder than men Women baked bannock for their large families
