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Forest Biology > Cones, fruits, and seeds > Flashcards

Cones, fruits, and seeds Flashcards

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1
Q

Pollen is

A

microgrametophytes which produce male gametes

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2
Q

Pollination occurs when

A

angiosperms: pollen moves from stamens to pistils
gymnosperms: male to female strobili

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3
Q

Wind pollination

A

anemophily (10-20%)

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4
Q

Animal/insect pollination

A

zoophily (80-90%)

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5
Q

Fruit definition

A

ripened ovary that encloses ovule(s)

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6
Q

Seed definition

A

ripened, fertilized ovule

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7
Q

Endocarp

A

inner

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8
Q

Mesocarp

A

middle

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9
Q

Exocarp

A

outer

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10
Q

Dehiscent

A

split open

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11
Q

Indehiscent

A

don’t split open

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12
Q

Fleshy and simple fruits

A

drupes, berries, pomes, hesperidiums and pepos

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13
Q

Dry fruits

A

legumes, capsules, follicles, achenes, samaras, nuts

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14
Q

Drupes

A

fleshy exocarp and mesocarp. stone-like endocarp surrounding the seed ex: cherry

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15
Q

Berries

A

entire pericarp, many seed. ex: persimmon

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16
Q

Pomes

A

fleshy exocarp and mesocarp, papery endocarp, multiple seeds. ex: apples

17
Q

Hesperidiums and pepos

A

modified berries, uncommon in temperate trees. ex: cantaloupe, orange

18
Q

Legumes

A

dry, dehiscent fruit composed of 1 carpel. dehiscent along 2 lines. ex: mimosa

19
Q

Capsule

A

dry, dehiscent fruit composed of more than 1 carpel. contain multiple chambers. dehiscent along multiple lines. ex: southern catalpa

20
Q

Follicle

A

dry, dehiscent fruit composed of 1 carpel. dehiscent only on one side. ex: aggregate of follicles (magnolias)

21
Q

Achenes

A

small, dry, indehiscent. single seed occurs in multiples. ex: sycamores

22
Q

Samaras

A

small, dry, indehiscent fruit, one or more wings. ex: red maple, ash

23
Q

Nuts

A

hard, dry, indehiscent. single seed. ex: hickories

24
Q

Compound fruits

A

aggregate: originate from single flower with multiple carpels. carpels fuse together
multiples: originate from multiple, tightly branched flowers in an inflorescence

Forest Biology (8 decks)

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