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Anesthesia- Antiarrythmics > Conduction Review > Flashcards

Conduction Review Flashcards

1
Q

Craniosacral is innervated by

A

PNSNS

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2
Q

Thoracolumbar is innervated by

A

SNS

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3
Q

What are the cardioaccelerator fibers

A

T1-T4

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4
Q

Which nerve depresses cardiac function?

A

Vagus Nerve

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5
Q

What substances bind catecholamines

A

Adrenergic receptors

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6
Q

SNS postganglions attach to

A

cardiac and thoracic nerves

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7
Q

PSNS and some SNS postgang attach to the cardiac plexus leading to

A

SA & AV nodes and the atrial myocardium

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8
Q

what receptors are at the end of PSNS and what substances bind these receptors

A

Muscarinic (M1)

ACh

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9
Q

Inotropy means

A

contractility

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10
Q

Chronotropy means

A

Heart Rate

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11
Q

Dromatropy means

A

AV conduction

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12
Q

Lusitrophy means

A

myocyte relaxation

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13
Q

SA node refers to

A

Nodal (pacemaker)

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14
Q

Atrial and ventricular myocytes refers to

A

non-nodal

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15
Q

Troponin activates ______of actin & myosin

A

contraction

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16
Q

Phase 0 of the cardiac non nodal (ventrical) must reach a threshold level of _______and causes ______ _____ channels to open

This ion causes the cells membrane to ___________

A

-70; Fast Na+; depolarize

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17
Q

Phase 1 of the cardiac non-nodal (ventrical) is when the fast Na+ channels are _______and the ______channels open

This ion leaving causes an initial ___________(______)
(this ion leaks)

A

inactivated;K+
repolarization (hyperpolarization)

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18
Q

Phase 2 of the cardiac non nodal (ventricle) is called a ________and is when K+ continues to slowly move outward and_____ ______ _______channels open. This phase helps prolong depolarization

A

plateau; L-type slow Ca+ channels open

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19
Q

Phase 3 of the cardiac non nodal (ventricle), Ca+ channels become________ and slow ______channels remain open in addition to more ______channels opening. More of this ion leaving causes rapid_________/___________ (more dramatic process)

A

inactivated; K+; K+; repolarization/hyperpolarization

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20
Q

Phase 4 of the cardiac non nodal (ventricle) resting membrane potential is ______

This ion predominates here

A

-90mV; K+

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21
Q

What is the absolute/Effective Refractory period

A

period where once Na+ channels open, the heart shouldnt be able to respond to another action potential

Is the beginning of phase 0 and end of phase 2

22
Q

What is the relative refractory period?

A

We want the heart in refractory to limit frequency of depolarization and heart rate

Happens at the end of absolute refractory to the beginning of phase 3 & 4

This period may generate another action potential

This period allows for adequate ventricular filling and preservation of EF

23
Q

The nodal action potential (SA/AV node) threshold is

A

-40 to -30mV

24
Q

Phase 0 of the nodal action potential (SA/AV node) is when the ___ ____ ____ channels open and cause the cell to ____________

A

L-type Ca+ channels; depolarize

25
Q

Phase 3 of the nodal action potential (SA/AV node) is when the ____ ____ ____channels become _______ and the ______channels open

This ion leaving causes the cell membrane to ______/_______

A

L-type Ca+channels; inactivated; K+; repolaraize/hyperpolarize

26
Q

Phase 4 of the nodal action potential (SA/AV node) is when the cell membrane________ to ________mV

________channels open and _____slowly comes in

The slow movement of this ion causes the cell membrane to ________ ________

A

hyperpolarizes; -60mV; Ca+; Na+; Spontaneously depolarize

27
Q

NE binding to Beta 1 ________the slope of phase ______, decreasing the time it takes to reach threshold

This increases slow Na+ and Ca+ inward currents

A

increases; 4

28
Q

ACh binding to M ______slope of phase ____, increasing time to reach threshold, increasing K+ currents out and decreasing Na+ and Ca+ currents in

This hyperpolarizes membrane during phase 4

A

decreases; 4

29
Q

Hyperkalemia effects on the heart

A

bradycardia, may stop SA nodal firing
depolarizes the membrane
decreases degree of hyperpolarization at the end of
phase 3

30
Q

Hypokalemia effects on the heart

A

tachycardia
increases rate of phase 4 depolarization
increases phase 3 repolarization

31
Q

Loss of O2 at the cellular level causes

A

depolarization leading to bradycardia
decreases slope of phase 4

32
Q

When using leads, depolarizinig towards will give

A

positive deflection

33
Q

depolarizing perpendicular with produce a

A

biphasic deflection

34
Q

A positive deflection with show ip as what on an EKG

A

P wave

35
Q

What are the augmented limb leads

A

aVR,aVL, and aVF (shows frontal plane)

36
Q

What are the precordial leads

A

V1-V6

37
Q

Current flows from

A

base to apex

38
Q

3 lead monitoring are adequate when monitoring _________arrhythmias, especially in lead ___

A

atrial; 2

39
Q

How is monitoring in 3 lead limiting

A

limits ability to detect ischemia

40
Q

Which 2 leads are better together with monitoring

A

2 and 5 (80%)
V5 is unipolar

41
Q

What is the most common arrhythmia

A

Afib

42
Q

Nodal cells have __________

A

automaticity

43
Q

triggered rhythms happen by either these two mechanisms

A

early or delayed afterpolarization

both due too problems with Ca+ regulation

44
Q

What is reentry

A

AP travels back to already depolarized tissue

45
Q

The more distal we are in the heart

A

the slower the heart rate

46
Q

bradycardia decreases

A

Co and arterial blood pressure

47
Q

tachycardia can cause a

A

decrease in preload, SV and CO
abnormal ventricular conduction
impaired contraction
reduced EF
increased myocardial O2 demand
angina

48
Q

Afib can cause

A

risk of thrombus and embolism
lost contraction and perfusion
lost fill

49
Q

Vfib can cause

A

zero CO

50
Q
A

Anesthesia- Antiarrythmics (4 decks)

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