Conditions summary Flashcards by Jay Slater

down out and dilated
no pupil response
ptosis (dropping of eyelid)

CN III palsy

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trips whilst walking downstairs bc hard to look down

head tilt to compensate

CN IV palsy

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permanent adduction of 1 eye

diplopia

CN VI palsy

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painless sudden vision loss

fundoscopy - pale/oedematous retina, cherry red spot macula, thread like non tortious veins

central retinal artery occlusion

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treatment of central retinal artery occlusion

ocular massage

referral to stroke clinic

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painless sudden vision loss <5 mins

‘like a curtain coming down’

transient central retinal artery occlusion

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treatment of transient central retinal artery occlusion

aspirin (bc they have a risk of stroke, nothing for the eye specifically)
referral to stroke clinic

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painless sudden vision loss

fundoscopy - retinal haemorrhages, dark and tortious veins, new vessel formation, ‘blood and thunder fundus’

central retinal vein occlusion

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treatment of central retinal vein occlusion

anti-VEGF intravitreal injections (to stop new vessel formation)

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giant cell arteritis
sudden vision loss
irreversible

posterior ciliary artery occlusion

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old person
painless vision loss
‘like a curtain coming down’ >5 mins
flashes and floaters

retinal detachment

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treatment of retinal detachment

surgery (aspirate vitreous gel then reattach retina)

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old person
sudden painless vision loss
central vision missing
not fixed by glasses

fundoscopy - haemorrhages, new vessels

age related macular degeneration wet type

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treatment of age related macular degeneration wet type

anti-VEGF

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old person
gradual painless vision loss
central vision missing
not fixed by glasses

fundoscopy - drunsen (white flecks = waste products)

age related macular degeneration dry type

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treatment of age related macular degeneration dry type

nothing

magnifying glasses

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previous eye trauma/surgery in one eye
bilateral granulomatous uveitis
floaters in eye

sympathetic ophthalmia

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pain on eye movement
colour desaturation
unilateral vision loss over 24 hours

optic neuritis

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cant see things far away but can see things close

myopia

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cant see things close but can see things far away

hypermetropia

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myopia treatment

concave lenses (bc CAVES are LONG and you want to fix their LONG sight)

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hypermetropia treatment

convex lenses

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diplopia treatment

prism glasses

vomiting and nausea 
v v v severe pain 
red eye 
sudden 
fixed mid dilated pupil

closed angle glaucoma

treatment of closed angle glaucoma

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (eg acetazolamide PO or dorzolamine eye drops) laser iridotomy

gradual peripheral vision loss not painful not a red eye

open angle glaucoma

treatment of open angle glaucoma

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (eg acetazolamide PO or dorzolamine eye drops)

old person gradual vision loss not corrected by glasses glare when driving at night

cataract

cataract treatment

lens replacement

red sclera | nothing to be worried about

episcleritis (inflammation not infection)

blue/purple sclera | v painful

scleritis

scleritis treatment

NSAID PO

photophobia red eye synechiae (causing small irregular pupil) hypopyon (collection of pus = line of white at bottom of iris)

anterior uveitis

treatment of anterior uveitis

topical steroids

foreign body/grit sensation but no foreign body

bletharitis (inflammation of eyelid)

watery discharge

viral conjunctivitis

rice grains on eyelids | raised cobblestoning on papillae

chlamydia conjunctivitis

sticky discharge

bacterial conjunctivitis

bacterial conjunctivitis treatment

chloramphenicol

herpes zoster conjunctivitis treatment

acyclovir

chlamydia conjunctivitis treatment

oxytetracycline

white blobs on cornea red eye sore eye

bacterial keratitis

PMH cold sores stressed and fatigued dendritic corneal ulcer (looks like a white tree branch)

herpetic keratitis

what SHOULDNT you give someone with herpetic keratitis why

steroids can cause corneal melt/perforation

what SHOULDNT you give someone with herpetic keratitis why

steroids can cause corneal melt/perforation

previous eye surgery v painful eye v red eye decreasing vision

endopthalmitis

treatment of endopthalmitis

intravitreal antibiotics asap though will probs loose eye

paranasal sinusitis in kids | red swollen eye socket on one side

orbital cellulitis

broad spectrum antibiotics (flucloxacillin, metronidazole, ceftriaxone)

CMV (associated with AIDS/HIV) or worms causing pain at the back of the eye if CMV cause - 'mozzarella pizza fundus'

chorioretinitis

red and swelling medial to eye

dacrocystitis (lacrimal sac infection)

squash ball in face pain on upgaze tear drop sign on CT loss of sensation to middle horizontal segment third of face

blow out fracture CN V2 damage (infraorbital)

trauma to eye lowering of entire eyeball loss of sensation to middle horizontal segment of face

zygomatic fracture (rotates medially) CN V2 damage (infraorbital)

china white appearance of sclera

alkali burn

chemical burn with v v red sclera

acid burn

treatment of acid/alkali burn

immediate irrigation 2l saline