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J Ophthalmology > Conditions summary > Flashcards

Conditions summary Flashcards

1
Q

down out and dilated
no pupil response
ptosis (dropping of eyelid)

A

CN III palsy

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2
Q

trips whilst walking downstairs bc hard to look down

head tilt to compensate

A

CN IV palsy

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3
Q

permanent adduction of 1 eye

diplopia

A

CN VI palsy

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4
Q

painless sudden vision loss

fundoscopy - pale/oedematous retina, cherry red spot macula, thread like non tortious veins

A

central retinal artery occlusion

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5
Q

treatment of central retinal artery occlusion

A

ocular massage

referral to stroke clinic

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6
Q

painless sudden vision loss <5 mins

‘like a curtain coming down’

A

transient central retinal artery occlusion

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7
Q

treatment of transient central retinal artery occlusion

A

aspirin (bc they have a risk of stroke, nothing for the eye specifically)
referral to stroke clinic

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8
Q

painless sudden vision loss

fundoscopy - retinal haemorrhages, dark and tortious veins, new vessel formation, ‘blood and thunder fundus’

A

central retinal vein occlusion

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9
Q

treatment of central retinal vein occlusion

A

anti-VEGF intravitreal injections (to stop new vessel formation)

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10
Q

giant cell arteritis
sudden vision loss
irreversible

A

posterior ciliary artery occlusion

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11
Q

old person
painless vision loss
‘like a curtain coming down’ >5 mins
flashes and floaters

A

retinal detachment

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12
Q

treatment of retinal detachment

A

surgery (aspirate vitreous gel then reattach retina)

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13
Q

old person
sudden painless vision loss
central vision missing
not fixed by glasses

fundoscopy - haemorrhages, new vessels

A

age related macular degeneration wet type

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14
Q

treatment of age related macular degeneration wet type

A

anti-VEGF

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15
Q

old person
gradual painless vision loss
central vision missing
not fixed by glasses

fundoscopy - drunsen (white flecks = waste products)

A

age related macular degeneration dry type

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16
Q

treatment of age related macular degeneration dry type

A

nothing

magnifying glasses

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17
Q

previous eye trauma/surgery in one eye
bilateral granulomatous uveitis
floaters in eye

A

sympathetic ophthalmia

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18
Q

pain on eye movement
colour desaturation
unilateral vision loss over 24 hours

A

optic neuritis

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19
Q

cant see things far away but can see things close

A

myopia

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20
Q

cant see things close but can see things far away

A

hypermetropia

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21
Q

myopia treatment

A

concave lenses (bc CAVES are LONG and you want to fix their LONG sight)

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22
Q

hypermetropia treatment

A

convex lenses

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23
Q

diplopia treatment

A

prism glasses

24
Q 
vomiting and nausea 
v v v severe pain 
red eye 
sudden 
fixed mid dilated pupil
A

closed angle glaucoma

25
Q

treatment of closed angle glaucoma

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (eg acetazolamide PO or dorzolamine eye drops)
laser iridotomy

26
Q

gradual peripheral vision loss
not painful
not a red eye

A

open angle glaucoma

27
Q

treatment of open angle glaucoma

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (eg acetazolamide PO or dorzolamine eye drops)

28
Q

old person
gradual vision loss not corrected by glasses
glare when driving at night

A

cataract

29
Q

cataract treatment

A

lens replacement

30
Q

red sclera

nothing to be worried about

A

episcleritis (inflammation not infection)

31
Q

blue/purple sclera

v painful

A

scleritis

32
Q

scleritis treatment

A

NSAID PO

33
Q

photophobia
red eye
synechiae (causing small irregular pupil)
hypopyon (collection of pus = line of white at bottom of iris)

A

anterior uveitis

34
Q

treatment of anterior uveitis

A

topical steroids

35
Q

foreign body/grit sensation but no foreign body

A

bletharitis (inflammation of eyelid)

36
Q

watery discharge

A

viral conjunctivitis

37
Q

rice grains on eyelids

raised cobblestoning on papillae

A

chlamydia conjunctivitis

38
Q

sticky discharge

A

bacterial conjunctivitis

39
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis treatment

A

chloramphenicol

40
Q

herpes zoster conjunctivitis treatment

A

acyclovir

41
Q

chlamydia conjunctivitis treatment

A

oxytetracycline

42
Q

white blobs on cornea
red eye
sore eye

A

bacterial keratitis

43
Q

PMH cold sores
stressed and fatigued
dendritic corneal ulcer (looks like a white tree branch)

A

herpetic keratitis

44
Q

what SHOULDNT you give someone with herpetic keratitis

why

A

steroids

can cause corneal melt/perforation

45
Q

what SHOULDNT you give someone with herpetic keratitis

why

A

steroids

can cause corneal melt/perforation

46
Q

previous eye surgery
v painful eye
v red eye
decreasing vision

A

endopthalmitis

47
Q

treatment of endopthalmitis

A

intravitreal antibiotics asap though will probs loose eye

48
Q

paranasal sinusitis in kids

red swollen eye socket on one side

A

orbital cellulitis

49
Q

orbital cellulitis

A

broad spectrum antibiotics (flucloxacillin, metronidazole, ceftriaxone)

50
Q

CMV (associated with AIDS/HIV) or worms causing pain at the back of the eye

if CMV cause - ‘mozzarella pizza fundus’

A

chorioretinitis

51
Q

red and swelling medial to eye

A

dacrocystitis (lacrimal sac infection)

52
Q

squash ball in face
pain on upgaze
tear drop sign on CT
loss of sensation to middle horizontal segment third of face

A

blow out fracture

CN V2 damage (infraorbital)

53
Q

trauma to eye
lowering of entire eyeball
loss of sensation to middle horizontal segment of face

A

zygomatic fracture (rotates medially)

CN V2 damage (infraorbital)

54
Q

china white appearance of sclera

A

alkali burn

55
Q

chemical burn with v v red sclera

A

acid burn

56
Q

treatment of acid/alkali burn

A

immediate irrigation 2l saline

J Ophthalmology (6 decks)

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