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Buzzwords Specialty Exam > Conditions > Flashcards

Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Target sign on abdominal ultrasound. Pulls legs up to chest.

A

Intussusception - the invagination of one portion of bowel into the lumen of the adjacent bowel, most commonly around the ileo-caecal region.

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2
Q

Low set ears, webbed neck, widely spaced nipples.

A

Turner’s Syndrome.

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3
Q

TTP - smear result

A

Schistocytes

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4
Q

Multiple petechiae and excessive bruising after illness/infection or immunisation.

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura.

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5
Q

Barking cough.

A

Croup.

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6
Q

Red lips, swollen hands and feet, rash, fever>5 days

A

Kawasaki disease.

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7
Q

T-wave inversion. Which electrolyte imbalance

A

Hypokalaemia.

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8
Q

Mid-cycle pain.

A

Mittelschmerz - very common pain associated with a small amount of fluid released during ovulation.

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9
Q

Deep dyspareunia, pelvic pain, bleeding.

A

Endometriosis.

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10
Q

Sudden onset of deep, colicky abdominal pain. Vomiting and distress. Adnexial tenderness.

A

Ovarian torsion.

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11
Q

Symptoms of pregnancy with pain and bleeding. Adnexial tenderness. Shoulder tip pain.

A

Ectopic pregnancy.

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12
Q

Bilateral lower abdominal pain, dysuria, vaginal discharge. Pregnancy test negative.

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease.

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13
Q

‘Fishy’ vaginal discharge.

A

Bacterial vaginosis.

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14
Q

‘Cottage cheese’ discharge.

A

Thrush. (Candida)

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15
Q

Green, yellow or frothy vaginal discharge

A

Trichomoniasis.

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16
Q

Vaginal discharge with blisters or sores. 

A

Genital herpes.

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17
Q

Vaginal discharge with pelvic pain or bleeding. 

A

Chlamydia or gonorrhoea.

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18
Q

Strawberry cervix.

A

Trichomonas.

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19
Q

Hypochloraemic hypokalaemic alkalosis.

A

Pyloric stenosis.

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20
Q

Inspiratory stridor in a newborn, otherwise systemically well, eating and drinking well. Noisy breathing, worsening over time.

A

Laryngomalacia - congenital abnormality of the larynx. Normally resolves by 2 years of age.

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21
Q

Baby born with micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers

A

Edward’s syndrome (Trisomy 18).

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22
Q

Newborn with episodes of shortness of breath, hypercyanosis and a ventricular murmur on auscultation.

A

Tetralogy of Fallot.

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23
Q

Whirlpool sign on USS of right iliac fossa.

A

Ovarian torsion.

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24
Q

Chocolate Cysts

A

Endometriotic cyst

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25
Q

Post partum haemorrhage definition

A

> 500ml blood loss from genital tract within 24 hrs of baby delivery

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26
Q

Uterine bleeding up to 6 weeks post-partum containing blood, mucus, uterine tissue

A

Lochia

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27
Q

Sudden onset intense pain in a woman with endometriosis. Free fluid in pelvis.

A

Ruptured Endometrioma

28
Q

How long must symptoms be present for a dx of PTSD

A

At least 4 weeks

29
Q

Drooling kid.

A

Epiglotitis

30
Q

Gene mutation asso with Urinary tract abnormalities

A

PAX 2

31
Q

How does biliary atresia present

A

Obstructive jaundice picture
Faltering growth
Liver failure within 2 years

32
Q

What scans can you do to investigate urinary tract problems in paeds

A

DMSA - detects scarring (S for Scarring)

MCUG - micturating cystourethrogram - visualise anatomy

33
Q

How long for testes to descend?

A

Normally by 3 months
Up to 6 months is normal
24 years and counting if you’re toby

34
Q

Management of undescended testes

A

If unilateral - review at 3 months - then refer if persists
If bilateral at birth - check pituitary/refrer to endo

Descent determined by testosterone levels

Can manage surgically - orchidoplexy
Medical is b-hCG

35
Q

What is encopresis, what is the usual cause, how is it managed

A

Children >4 (toilet trained) shitting their pants
Usually bc overflow constipation
Enquire about psyc stressors, diet, medications

36
Q

What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia

What the main RFs

A

Chronic lung disease in newbord

RFs: Premature, Artificial ventilation, O2 toxicity, infection

37
Q

What is Eisenmenger Syndrome and Tx

A

Cyanotic heart disease formed by: untreated L -> R shunt LEADING TO higher pulmonary resistance LEADING TO shunt decreasing and then reverses at age 10-15, kid becomes cyanotic, dies from RHF

Tx Heart and lung transplant

38
Q

Valve damage caused by rheumatic fever

A

Mitral Stenosis

39
Q

What is Chondromalacia Patellae. Who commonly gets it. What is the management

A

Anterior knee pain from degeneration of articular cartilage on posterior side of patella “grating sensation”
Commonly seen in overactive kids
Refer to Physio to strengthen quads

40
Q

What is osteochondritis dissecans

A

Overuse related joint pain caused by cartilage/bone cracks -> avascular necrosis -> fragmentation of tissue that is free-floating -> pain

41
Q

Tic disorder - Definition, How can they be treated

A

fast, repetitive muscle movements that result in sudden and difficult to control body jolts or sounds

Most resolve
Can treat with Resperidone if severe

42
Q

Management of fibroids pre-suregery

A

GnRH agonist (Triptorelin)

43
Q

Treatment for GORD

A

Breastfed: Breastfeeding assessment, Alginate, PPI

Formula: Review feeding history (little and often), Thick formula, Alginate, PPI

44
Q

Management of Constipation

A

No impaction: Laxatives, Movicol, Stimulant, behavioural

Impaction: Movicol, Stimulant, Behavioural

45
Q

Pyloric stenosis Surgical Treatment

A

Ramstedt Pyloromyotomy

46
Q

Intussusception Management

A

1st: Rectal air insufflation
2nd: surgical reduction + abs
If recurrent - check for lead point

47
Q

Causes of early (<24 hrs) neonatal jaundice

A

TORCH organisms - Toxo, Other (syphilis), Rubella, CMV, HSV

Red cell defects - G6PD Deficiency, rhesus/ABO incompatibility, PK deficiency, Hereditary spherocytosis

48
Q

Causes of neonatal jaundice

A

Breast milk

Bruising

49
Q

Causes of late neonatal jaundice

A

Biliary Atresia
Congenital Hypothyroid
Neonatal Hepatitis

50
Q

Neonatal Jaundice Ix

A

TC bilirubin (low risk) - Jaundice >24hrs or born >35 weeks

Serum bilirubin (high risk) - Jaundice <24hrs or born <35 weeks

51
Q

How does phototherapy work for neonatal jaundice?

A

Transforms bilirubin to water soluble form

52
Q

What treatment is given if Phototherapy is insufficient

A

IVIG (for blood disorders)

53
Q

What Tx if phototherapy threshold is exceeded?

A

Exchange transfusion

54
Q

Ebstein’s anomaly

A

Inferiorly placed dysplatic tricuspid valve

55
Q

Test for cyanotic heart disease

A

Hyperoxia test is best

56
Q

TGA CXR finding

A

Egg on a string

57
Q

TOF CXR finding

A

Boot-shaped heart

58
Q

ASD murmur

A

Ejection systolic

Left sternal edge

59
Q

VSD murmur

A

Pansystolic murmur

Left sternal edge

60
Q

AVSD association

A

Asso with downs

May lead to Pulomary hypertension

61
Q

PDA murmur and Tx

A

Machinery like murmur below left clavicle
Should close in first month
Tx with NSAIDS or indomethacin

62
Q

Complications of acyanotic heart disease

A

HF
Faltering growth
Chest infections
IE

63
Q

Eisenmenger syndrome

A
64
Q

Anaphylaxis treatmetn

A 
IM adrenaline - 1:1000 age adjusted doses
Repeat
Adrenaline infusion (refractory)

Can use O2, fluids, Chlorphenamine throughout
NO STEROIDS

65
Q

Shock - Fluids quantities

A

10ml/kg saline

66
Q

Rehydration fluids calculation

A

%defecit x weight x 10 = volume in ML over 48 hours

67
Q

Maintenance fluids

A 
0-10kg = 20ml/kg
10-20kg = 10ml/kg
20kg+ = 5ml/kg

All over 24 hours

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Buzzwords Specialty Exam (4 decks)

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