Conditions Flashcards
Target sign on abdominal ultrasound. Pulls legs up to chest.
Intussusception - the invagination of one portion of bowel into the lumen of the adjacent bowel, most commonly around the ileo-caecal region.
Low set ears, webbed neck, widely spaced nipples.
Turner’s Syndrome.
TTP - smear result
Schistocytes
Multiple petechiae and excessive bruising after illness/infection or immunisation.
Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura.
Barking cough.
Croup.
Red lips, swollen hands and feet, rash, fever>5 days
Kawasaki disease.
T-wave inversion. Which electrolyte imbalance
Hypokalaemia.
Mid-cycle pain.
Mittelschmerz - very common pain associated with a small amount of fluid released during ovulation.
Deep dyspareunia, pelvic pain, bleeding.
Endometriosis.
Sudden onset of deep, colicky abdominal pain. Vomiting and distress. Adnexial tenderness.
Ovarian torsion.
Symptoms of pregnancy with pain and bleeding. Adnexial tenderness. Shoulder tip pain.
Ectopic pregnancy.
Bilateral lower abdominal pain, dysuria, vaginal discharge. Pregnancy test negative.
Pelvic inflammatory disease.
‘Fishy’ vaginal discharge.
Bacterial vaginosis.
‘Cottage cheese’ discharge.
Thrush. (Candida)
Green, yellow or frothy vaginal discharge
Trichomoniasis.
Vaginal discharge with blisters or sores. 
Genital herpes.
Vaginal discharge with pelvic pain or bleeding. 
Chlamydia or gonorrhoea.
Strawberry cervix.
Trichomonas.
Hypochloraemic hypokalaemic alkalosis.
Pyloric stenosis.
Inspiratory stridor in a newborn, otherwise systemically well, eating and drinking well. Noisy breathing, worsening over time.
Laryngomalacia - congenital abnormality of the larynx. Normally resolves by 2 years of age.
Baby born with micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers
Edward’s syndrome (Trisomy 18).
Newborn with episodes of shortness of breath, hypercyanosis and a ventricular murmur on auscultation.
Tetralogy of Fallot.
Whirlpool sign on USS of right iliac fossa.
Ovarian torsion.
Chocolate Cysts
Endometriotic cyst
Post partum haemorrhage definition
> 500ml blood loss from genital tract within 24 hrs of baby delivery
Uterine bleeding up to 6 weeks post-partum containing blood, mucus, uterine tissue
Lochia
Sudden onset intense pain in a woman with endometriosis. Free fluid in pelvis.
Ruptured Endometrioma
How long must symptoms be present for a dx of PTSD
At least 4 weeks
Drooling kid.
Epiglotitis
Gene mutation asso with Urinary tract abnormalities
PAX 2
How does biliary atresia present
Obstructive jaundice picture
Faltering growth
Liver failure within 2 years
What scans can you do to investigate urinary tract problems in paeds
DMSA - detects scarring (S for Scarring)
MCUG - micturating cystourethrogram - visualise anatomy
How long for testes to descend?
Normally by 3 months
Up to 6 months is normal
24 years and counting if you’re toby
Management of undescended testes
If unilateral - review at 3 months - then refer if persists
If bilateral at birth - check pituitary/refrer to endo
Descent determined by testosterone levels
Can manage surgically - orchidoplexy
Medical is b-hCG
What is encopresis, what is the usual cause, how is it managed
Children >4 (toilet trained) shitting their pants
Usually bc overflow constipation
Enquire about psyc stressors, diet, medications
What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia
What the main RFs
Chronic lung disease in newbord
RFs: Premature, Artificial ventilation, O2 toxicity, infection
What is Eisenmenger Syndrome and Tx
Cyanotic heart disease formed by: untreated L -> R shunt LEADING TO higher pulmonary resistance LEADING TO shunt decreasing and then reverses at age 10-15, kid becomes cyanotic, dies from RHF
Tx Heart and lung transplant
Valve damage caused by rheumatic fever
Mitral Stenosis
What is Chondromalacia Patellae. Who commonly gets it. What is the management
Anterior knee pain from degeneration of articular cartilage on posterior side of patella “grating sensation”
Commonly seen in overactive kids
Refer to Physio to strengthen quads
What is osteochondritis dissecans
Overuse related joint pain caused by cartilage/bone cracks -> avascular necrosis -> fragmentation of tissue that is free-floating -> pain
Tic disorder - Definition, How can they be treated
fast, repetitive muscle movements that result in sudden and difficult to control body jolts or sounds
Most resolve
Can treat with Resperidone if severe
Management of fibroids pre-suregery
GnRH agonist (Triptorelin)
Treatment for GORD
Breastfed: Breastfeeding assessment, Alginate, PPI
Formula: Review feeding history (little and often), Thick formula, Alginate, PPI
Management of Constipation
No impaction: Laxatives, Movicol, Stimulant, behavioural
Impaction: Movicol, Stimulant, Behavioural
Pyloric stenosis Surgical Treatment
Ramstedt Pyloromyotomy
Intussusception Management
1st: Rectal air insufflation
2nd: surgical reduction + abs
If recurrent - check for lead point
Causes of early (<24 hrs) neonatal jaundice
TORCH organisms - Toxo, Other (syphilis), Rubella, CMV, HSV
Red cell defects - G6PD Deficiency, rhesus/ABO incompatibility, PK deficiency, Hereditary spherocytosis
Causes of neonatal jaundice
Breast milk
Bruising
Causes of late neonatal jaundice
Biliary Atresia
Congenital Hypothyroid
Neonatal Hepatitis
Neonatal Jaundice Ix
TC bilirubin (low risk) - Jaundice >24hrs or born >35 weeks
Serum bilirubin (high risk) - Jaundice <24hrs or born <35 weeks
How does phototherapy work for neonatal jaundice?
Transforms bilirubin to water soluble form
What treatment is given if Phototherapy is insufficient
IVIG (for blood disorders)
What Tx if phototherapy threshold is exceeded?
Exchange transfusion
Ebstein’s anomaly
Inferiorly placed dysplatic tricuspid valve
Test for cyanotic heart disease
Hyperoxia test is best
TGA CXR finding
Egg on a string
TOF CXR finding
Boot-shaped heart
ASD murmur
Ejection systolic
Left sternal edge
VSD murmur
Pansystolic murmur
Left sternal edge
AVSD association
Asso with downs
May lead to Pulomary hypertension
PDA murmur and Tx
Machinery like murmur below left clavicle
Should close in first month
Tx with NSAIDS or indomethacin
Complications of acyanotic heart disease
HF
Faltering growth
Chest infections
IE
Eisenmenger syndrome
Anaphylaxis treatmetn
IM adrenaline - 1:1000 age adjusted doses Repeat Adrenaline infusion (refractory)
Can use O2, fluids, Chlorphenamine throughout
NO STEROIDS
Shock - Fluids quantities
10ml/kg saline
Rehydration fluids calculation
%defecit x weight x 10 = volume in ML over 48 hours
Maintenance fluids
0-10kg = 20ml/kg 10-20kg = 10ml/kg 20kg+ = 5ml/kg
All over 24 hours
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