Condition- Obstructive Sleep apnoea Flashcards
What is obstructive sleep apnoea?
A disease chacterised by episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep => oxyhaemoglobin desaturation => followed by partial arousal from sleep
List some risk factors of obstructive sleep apnoea…
- Weight gain – soft tissue in neck area
- Male sex
- Large neck circumference
- PCOS
- Hypothyroidism
- Soft tissue swelling- tonsils, adenoids, macroglossia, Macroglossia, surgical swelling
- Smoking
- Sedative use
- Craniofacial abnormalities - Marfan’s syndrome (high arched palatte)
List some of the presenting symptoms of OSA…
- Partner’s report: loud snoring, nocturnal apnoeic or choking episodes
- excessive daytime sleepiness
- Unrefreshning/ resteless sleep
- Morning headaches
- dry mouth
- symptoms of insomina: Irritability, mood changes, decreased libido and cognitive performance
List some signs of obstructive sleep apnoea…
- Macroglossia
- Enlarged tonisls
- long/ thick uvula
- Retrognathia (pulled back jaw)
- Obesity
- Hypertension
At what neck circumferece is thought to lead to an increased risk of OSA and is thought to be larger than usual for males and females.
Neck circumference
- More than 42 cm in males
- More than 40 cm in females
List some investigation which could be carried out on someone with OSA. What is first line?
- Simple tests: pulse ox, video recoding
- First line: Sleep studies (Polysomnography)
OSA- List some of the different tests included in a polysomnography test…
- EEG
- electro-oculographic recording
- air flow assessment
- EMG
- capnography
- oesophageal manometry
- ECG
- pulse oximetry
OSA- what score can be obtained from a polysomnography sleep study test. Above what score is thought to be indicative of OSA?
Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI) ≥15 episodes/hour
