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Neuromuscular management > Condition Identification > Flashcards

Condition Identification Flashcards

1
Q

After viral illness

Asymmetric flaccid weakness

Absent reflexes

Bowel and bladder dysfunction

A

Acute flaccid paralysis (can be caused by West Nile virus

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2
Q

Fatal disease
Tongue weakness
Upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron degeneration

A

ALS

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3
Q

Gradual or sudden onset of progressive and persistent muscle weakness/fatigue

Lower motor neuron syndrome

Symptoms for 1+ year

A

If they previously had polio: Post polio syndrome

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4
Q

Length dependent
Commonly Symmetric
Loss of DTR
Stocking and glove distribution

A

Polyneuropathy

Note: hundreds of causes

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5
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

Arrhythmia

Urinary retention

Constipation

Abnormal sweating

A

Autonomic neuropathy

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6
Q

Neuropathic pain
Autonomic dysfunction
Inability to feel pain or temp

A

Small fiber neuropathy

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7
Q

Paresthesias > severe radicular back pain > weakness

Facial weakness
Symmetric weakness
Areflexia

Progresses over course of 1 month, will recover naturally

A

ADIP/ Guillane Barre Syndrome

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8
Q

Mostly Relapsing-remittent

Proximal and distal symmetric weakness —-> atrophy

Hyporeflexic or areflexic

Slowly progresses over weeks to months

A

Chronic inflammatory demyelination polyneuropathy

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9
Q

Sharp or aching pain asymmetrically in hip and thigh, spreads to leg and foot

Pain -> weakness in proximal LE -> weakness progresses distally

A

Diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy

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10
Q

Distal weakness and atrophy

Length dependent sensory loss

Absent/decreased reflexes

Onset before 20

Foot deformities

A

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (Charcot Marie tooth disease)

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11
Q

Autoimmune disorder
Younger woman and older men
Easily Fatiguable
Gets better with rest
Ptosis, dysphasia, diplopia, dysarthria,
Weakness

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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12
Q

Proximal weakness
Sensation intact
DTR can be normal or slightly reduced

A

Myopathy

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13
Q

Subacute/chronic onset of proximal weakness

Variable pulmonary/cardiac involvement

May be related to malignancy, auto immune disorder, or HIV

A

Polymyositis or dermatomyositis

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14
Q

Proximal leg and distal arm weakness (quads and fingers)
Asymmetric
Muscle atrophy
Dysphasia
Most frequent myopathy In patients over 50

A

Inclusion body myositis

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15
Q

Progressive muscle weakness and atrophy

Prolonged muscle contractions

Unable to relax certain muscles

Genetic

A

Myotonic dystrophy type 1

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16
Q

Atrophy and weakness of facial and shoulder muscles

A

Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy

17
Q

weakness of ocular and throat muscles

Genetic

A

Oculipharyngeal muscular dystrophy

18
Q

Genetic, usually happens in young people

Progressive weakness and stiffness in shoulder and upper arms

A

Emery Dreifuss Muscular dystrophy

19
Q

Commonly follows infection or vaccine
Mostly affects children
Bilateral symmetric inflammatory changes on brain MRI
Usually Monophasic

A

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

ADEM

20
Q

Acute spinal cord dysfunction

Back pain, sphincter dysfunction, paraparesis

Maybe first episode of MS

MRI shows 2 different vertebral segments with inflammation

A

Acute transverse myelitis

21
Q

Pain w/ eye movement

Acute onset of visual problems

Loss of color

Unilateral swollen optic disc

Afferent pupillary defect

A

Optic neuritis

22
Q

Patient had optic neuritis, then at a later point had transverse myelitis

A

Likely multiple sclerosis due to separation of space and time

23
Q

Leading cause of non traumatic disability
Higher rates in north
Affects all systems of body
Pt has had 2 separate instances of auto immune problems with their nervous system

A

Multiple sclerosis

24
Q

Can be relapsing remittent, or progressive

Exact cause unknown

Reduces life expectancy 7 to 14 years

First flare up can look like optic neuritis or transverse myelitis

A

Multiple sclerosis

25
Q

UMN spastic weakness

Ataxia, tremor, scanning speech

Spinothalamic lesions

Llhermites phenomenon- electric sensation passing down the back and limbs w/ neck flexion

Trigeminal neuralgia

Cognitive problems

Fatigue

Newer medications work better but come with more risk of infection due to immunosuppressive

A

Multiple sclerosis

26
Q

Patient is on immunosuppressant drugs

Disease comes from infection that is
Asymptomatic in 86% of the population

Usually fatal in one year if not caught

Can mimic a MS attack

A

Progressive multi focal leukoencephalopathy PML

27
Q

Transverse myelitis + optic neuritis (often bilateral)

Pt presents with transverse myelinitis lesions in over 3 vertebral levels

More severe than MS

A

neuromyelitis optica

28
Q

Usually affects young children
Monophasic
Presents like MS (optic neuritis, transverse myelitis)

similar to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Good recovery prognosis

A

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOG)

29
Q

Chronic alcoholics

Wide base of support

Ataxic gait (little ataxia with heel to shin test)

Arm coordination is still good

Sometimes nystagmus, hypotonia, dysarthria

A

Rostral vermis syndrome

30
Q

Typically in children w/ medulloblastoma

Little or no limb ataxia

Axial disequilibrium and staggering gait

Spontaneous nystagmus and rotated head postures

A

Caudal vermis syndrome

31
Q

D/t infarcts, tumors, abscess

Incoordination/ ataxia w/ ipsilateral movement, especially those that require fine motor control

A

Cerebellar hemispheric syndrome

32
Q

Caused by infections, hypoglycemia, hyperthermia, paraneoplastic, hereditary

Bilateral Cerebellar signs affecting limbs, trunk, and cranial musculature

A

Pancerebellar syndrome

33
Q

Ataxia in young children

Loss of ability to ambulate after 10-15 years

Foot deformities

Areflexia

Scoliosis

Sensory loss

Genetic

A

Friedreich ataxia

Neuromuscular management (19 decks)

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