Condition- Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
List the three types of cardiomyopathies
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopahy (HOCM)
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Desrcibe the pathophysiology behind dilational cardiomyopathy
Dilated flabby heart, heart muscles stretch and weaken
Impairment of contractility (SYSTOLIC function)
Describe the pathophysiology behind hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Cardiac muscle thickens.
Impairment of compliance (DIASTOLIC function)
Describe the pathophysiology behind restrictive cardiomyopathy
Cardiac cells become replaced with abnormal cells (scar tissue) –> walls of ventricles are stiff
Impairment of compliance (DIASTOLIC function)
State some risk factors for Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Post-viral myocarditis
- Alcohol
- Drugs (e.g. doxorubicin, cocaine)
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Haemochromatosis
- Peripartum or postpartum
- Hypertension
- Familial
- Autoimmune
- Congenital (x linked)
State some risk factors for developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Up to 50% are genetic- AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT
State some risk factors for developing restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Amyloidosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Haemochromatosis
- Scleroderma
- Loffler’s eosinophilic endocarditis
- Endomyocardial fibrosis
Which of the three types of cardiomyopathy are most common and which is the most rare?
Hypertrophic and Dilates cardiomyopathy prevalence is 0.05-0.2%
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is even rarer
What are the presenting symptoms of someone with the different cardiomyopathies?
Dilated
- Symptoms of heart failure – fatigue, dyspnoea
- Arrhythmias
- Thromboembolism
- Family history of sudden death
Hypertrophic
- Usually NO SYMPTOMS
- Exertional Syncope
- Exertional Angina
- Arrhythmias
- Dyspnoea
- Palpitations
- Family history of sudden death
Restrictive – similar to constrictive pericarditis
- Dyspnoea
- Fatigue
- Arrhythmias
- Ankle or abdominal swelling
- Family history of sudden death
State some of the signs of dilated cardiomyopathy
- Raised JVP
- Displaced apex beat
- Function mitral and tricupid regurg
- Third heart sound
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Pleural effusion
- Oedema
- Jaundice
- Hepatomegaly
- Ascites
- AF
State some of the signs of hypertropic cardiomyopathy
- Jery carotid pulse
- Double apex beat
- Ejection systolic murmur
- Systolic thrill at lowe left sternal angle
State some of the signs of someone with restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Raised JVP
- Kussmaul Sign - paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration due to restricted filling of the ventricles
- Palpable apex beat
- Third heart sound
- Ascites
- Ankle oedema
- Hepatomegaly
What can you do to increase the amplitude of the ejection-systolic murmur heard in hypertrophic myopathies?
Valsalva maneouvr/ stand up
This decrease venous return –> decreased preload –> less blood stretching out ventricle –> obstruction is larger –> murmur increases???
