Concussions

Question 1

What did hippocrates describe concussions as?

Answer 1

commotion of the brain, leading to loss of speech, hearing and sight

Question 2

What was Rhazes role in the history of concussions?

Answer 2

defined “cerebral concussion” as “transient loss of function with no phsyical damage”

Question 3

What was de Carpi’s role in the history of concussions?

Answer 3

commotion of the bran was the bruising of the soft tissue of the brain as it hit the hard inner surface of the skull. He dissected many human caavers

Question 4

What was Harrison Martlands role in the history of concussions?

Answer 4

paper- “punch drunk” the odd behavior from boxers were from multiple concussions. he could however relate his heory to physcal evidence becuase he did no autopsies

Question 5

What was J.A.N corsellis role in the history of concussions?

Answer 5

did the autosies of 15 brains to confirm martlands theory in a paper called the after math of boxing. coined the term “dementia pugilistica”

Question 6

What was Bennett Omalu role in the history of concussions?

Answer 6

first to describe and name “chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) from studying deceased football player brains. term replaced punch drunk and dementia pugilistica

Question 7

What is a concussion

Answer 7

an injury to the brain that results in the immediate and temporary impairments of brain function

Question 8

What causes concussion?

Answer 8

brain impact to the inside of the skull. rotational blows that twist head and neck

Question 9

WHat are sime symptoms>

Answer 9

physical and cognitive. nausea, mood swings, headache, trouble focussing

Question 10

WHat are some of the damages done from concussions?

Answer 10

stretching/shearing axons (leakage of ions and tau proteins), damage to the blood-brain barrier, release of S100B into the blood. reduced blood flow to the brain

Question 11

Long-term consequences of concussions>

Answer 11

chronic traumatic encephalopathy. cognitive and behavioural consequences. takes a while for the effects to become evident and irreversible.

Question 12

single vs multiple concussions?

Answer 12

multiple concussions build up and cause damage

Question 13

subconcussive injury

Answer 13

blows that do no have symptoms, a measurment may be from the amount of S100B found

Question 14

What activities have risks of concussion

Answer 14

accidents, boxing, football, rugby, soccer, hockey

Question 15

Prevention of concussions?

Answer 15

technology- air bags, helmets

rules- eliminate heading of the ball, amount of full boxing practicing time reduced