Concussion Flashcards
What is LYSTEDT LAW?
Any youth athlete showing signs of concussion must be evaluated by licensed HCP before return to play *coaches, parents and athletes require some education
What is the definition of a CONCUSSION?
TBI induces by biomechanical forces
Who has a higher incidence of concussion (younger vs older, men vs women)? Which of these groups are more likely to have slower recovery?
In comparative sports females have higher incidence, are more severe and have slower recovery Younger athletes have higher incidence, and slower recovery (brain is more vulnerable)
Does CT or MRI show structural abnormalities after concussion?
No, unless it is more than a mild injury. *may show ultrastructural changes (fine structures, especially within a cell)
What is the proposed pathophysiology of concussion?
-Angular and rotational forces = neuronal shearing -Linear acceleration-deceleration = macroscopic damage
What is the primary neurochemical cause of concussion?
Increased permeability of neuronal membranes (from stretching, damage of axons) = increase glutamate production (interferes with cell communication), K+ release, NA+ influx = causes axon dysfunction or death
What is SECOND IMPACT SYNDROME?
Occurs with a 2nd head injury after previously having one without symptoms returning to baseline Results in impaired consciousness and death from cerebral edema (occurs within a few days)
What are some PHYSICAL symptoms of concussion?
Headache, nausea, vomiting, balance, dizziness, visual impairment, light/sound sensitivity
What are some SLEEP related symptoms of concussion?
Drowsy, difficulty falling/staying asleep, less/more sleep than usual
List some EMOTIONAL symptoms related to concussion.
Increased emotion, irritability, sadness, nervous, anxious
List COGNITIVE symptoms related to concussion.
“Foggy”, difficulty concentrating or remembering, confusion, recall challenges
What is the STRONGEST predictor of slow recovery post concussion?
The severity of initial symptoms after injury
What is a way to help with tracking recovery post concussion?
Baseline testing: neuropsychologic, balance, PMH pertinent to concussion(includes those that may overlap with post concussive symptoms - depression, fatigue, HAs, learning disability etc)
What are some different TESTS that can be used to assess for CONCUSSION?
Balance Error Scoring System (tests static balance - part of SCAT) King -Derick test (eye movement - speed - rapid number naming) Vestibule-ocular tests (smooth pursuits, VOR, convergence)
What are some things you can EDUCATE the athlete on regarding CONCUSSION ?
- Significance of injury - Recognition and management - Equipment (helmets, mouth guards) don’t decrease incidence - State regulations regarding RTP process * there is no single tool for guaranteed diagnosis or RTP clearance