CONCIOUSNESS

Question 1

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 1

Dreams have two parts: what you actually experience (manifest content) and what it really means (latent content), which symbolize hidden desires or thoughts.

Question 2

Activation-Synthesis Model

Answer 2

Dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep.

Question 3

(Key Difference) Psychoanalytic Theory vs. Activation-Synthesis Model

Answer 3

Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud) says dreams have hidden meanings tied to desires. The activation-synthesis model says dreams start randomly, but meanings can be found afterward as the brain makes sense of them.

Question 4

Strategies for better sleep

Answer 4

Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day… Don’t use screens close to bed time… Use your bed for sleeping only

Question 5

Stimulants

Answer 5

EXCITE neural activity and SPEED UP body functions (heart rate, breathing, metabolism)… Ex. Caffeine, nicotine, MDMA, amphetamines, methamphetamines, etc.

Question 6

Depressants

Answer 6

REDUCE neuronal activity in the brain, SLOW DOWN body functions… Ex. Alcohol or barbiturates such as sleeping medications and finally opiates, which are used to alleviate pain and anxiety…

Question 7

Opiates

Answer 7

Drugs that produce pain relief, sedation, and euphoria… Ex. morphine, codeine, and heroin

Question 8

Barbiturates

Answer 8

Sedative drugs that depress the central nervous system. They can induce relaxation and sleep but pose risks of addiction and overdose. Ex. Sleeping medications

Question 9

Hallucinogens

Answer 9

Psychedelics, which distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input (hallucinations) Ex. LSD, THC, Psilocybin, Mescaline/DMT

Question 10

Selective Attention

Answer 10

Ability to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others based on relevance, importance, or novelty.

Question 11

Dual Processing

Answer 11

Mind operates on conscious and unconscious levels simultaneously, with automatic processes handling routine tasks and conscious processes managing complex or novel situations.

Ex. Driving a familiar route while mentally planning your evening activities.

Question 12

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 12

Failure to perceive fully visible, unexpected objects or events due to attentional focus elsewhere, highlighting the selective nature of perception.