Concepts of Physical Activity & Sport Flashcards
Sports development
Continuum:
- A continuum is a hierarchy of progress.
- Foundation: Introduction to physical activity/sports (P.E and recreational sports).
- Participation: Recreational and relaxed activity, focus on fun, friendships and socialisation (Sports clubs and leisure centres).
- Performance: Commitment, regular emphasis on winning (Local and regional coaching and training, local and regional competitions, sports clubs and interleague clubs).
- Elite: (Olympic, paralympic and commonwealth games, World, European and commonwealth championships and international competitions).
Physical recreation
Part of the participation level of the sport development continuum.
- Physical recreation is leisure time (free time) which is spent active.
Physical recreation characteristics:
- Voluntary
- Completed during free time.
- Choose the activity
- Emphasis on participation
- Fun/ enjoyable
- Non-serious & informal in nature
- Physically energetic
- Flexible in nature
- Self officiated/ regulated
The function of Physical recreation
- The function of physical recreation can have positive outcomes for individuals or benefits to society through more people increasing their physical activity levels.
Functions of physical recreation for an individual
- Increases health and fitness.
- Development of the physical skills.
- Can provide a challenge to overcome.
- Can lead to a sense of achievement, self-esteem and self-confidence.
- Stress relief
- Help people relax
- Socialise and meet up with friends
- Fun and enjoyment
- Emphasis on taking part at your own level rather than trying to beat others.
Functions of physical recreation for a society
- Increased health and fitness helps reduce the strain on the NHS and lowers obesity rates.
- Social integration and community cohesion.
- Increase employment and economic benefits (more people use facilities and buy equipment).
- Social control (More positive use of free time, decreasing crime and becoming a more socially inclusive society).
- If increased skill levels at participation stage, can lead to more people reaching to the performance and elite level.
Sport
Part of the participation and performance level of the sports development continuum.
Sport:
- Serious
- Competitive
- Highly structured- set rules
- Specialist equipment
- Officials
- Tactics and strategies
- Intrinsic and extrinsic rewards for success.
- High skill level
- High commitment levels
- Winning is important
The function of sport
The function of sport can be positive outcomes for individuals or benefits to society through more people increasing their physical activity levels. The functions of sport are similar to the functions of physical recreation.
Functions of sport for an individual
- Increase health and fitness
- Improve physical skill levels
- Increased self confidence
- Improvement in skills and success can lead to a feel good factor.
- Increased social opportunities
- Develop strong, positive sporting morals and attitudes e.g. fair play + sportsmanship.
Functions of sport for a society
- Regular participation decreases strain on NHS and reduces levels of obesity as health and fitness improves.
- Social control- reduces crime
- Increased social integration and equality of opportunity can increase participation in sport including different socio-economic and ethnic groups.
- Economic benefits: people pay to participate and spend money on new equipment and fashionable kit etc.
- Employment opportunities created (coaches, lifeguards, fitness trainers etc.).
Physical education (PE)
- Part of the foundation level of the sport development continuum.
- The P.E National Curriculum was introduced following the 1988 Education Reform Act. It has been modified on several occasions but the characteristics and aims have remained broadly the same.
Physical education (characteristics)
- Compulsory
- Formally taught lessons
- It has 4 key stages as part of the National Curriculum from ages 5-16.
- Begins at primary school (foundation level).
- Teachers are in charge and deliver lessons.
- Pre-planned lessons + highly structured.
- In school time
Factors that influence the activities on offer within schools.
- Timetable restrictions
- Funding
- Resources/ equipment/ facilities
- Staff available
- School-club links
- Type of school e.g. gender, faith, religion.
- Tradition/ local area
- National Curriculum
Functions of P.E
- Development of health and fitness
- Development of positive attitudes towards healthy lifestyles when P.E is not longer compulsory.
- P.E provides opportunities for increased participation in a variety of activities.
- Develops personal and social skills.
- Develops positive sporting ethics e.g. morality and fair play.
- P.E develops pupils skills of self analysis.
- Encouraging lifelong participation and trying to create a sporting habit for life.
Objectives of NC P.E
- Mental skills
- Physical skills
- Social skills
- Active leisure
- Leadership
- Health and fitness
- Self-esteem
Outdoor and adventurous activities (OAA) as part of the NC P.E- Functions of OAA
- Learn to adapt and engage with the natural environment.
- Increase conservation of the natural environment.
- Develop physical and survival skills.
- Increase health and fitness.
- Increased cooperation
- Improve social skills
- Improve leadership skills
- Learning to deal with challenging situations
- Learn how to perceive risk
- Excitement of activities with challenge and risk.
- Increase cognitive skills
- Improve decision making
