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NCM 108 - BIOETHICS > Concepts-of-Bioethics > Flashcards

Concepts-of-Bioethics Flashcards

1
Q

MORAL PHILOSOPHY

Philosophical science that deals with morality of human conduct

Systematically establishes the standards or norms of human acts

Determines human acts as good or bad and right or wrong

Provides the principles on the morality of human acts.

A

ETHICS

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2
Q

ETHICS

Derived from the Greek word ____, which means _____.

A

ETHOS; CUSTOM or CHARACTER

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3
Q

ETHICS

4 Major areas of Study:

A

Descriptive ethics
Normative Philosophy
Practical Philosophy
Critical Philosophy (Epistemology)

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4
Q

this is the division of philosophical or general ethics that involves the observation of the moral decision-making process with the goal of describing the phenomenon.

A

Descriptive ethics

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5
Q

Describes the nature, essence or substance of reality.

A

Descriptive ethics

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6
Q

reportswhatpeoplebelieve,howtheyreason,andhow theyact.

A

Descriptive ethics

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7
Q

Descriptive ethics

this is the ___ of philosophical or general ethics that involves the observation of the moral decision-making process with the goal of _____.

A

division; describing the phenomenon

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8
Q

concerned withcriteriaof what is morally right and wrong.

A

Normative Philosophy

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9
Q

It includes the formulation ofmoralrules that have directimplicationsfor what human actions, institutions, and ways of life should be like.

A

Normative Philosophy

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10
Q

3typesof normativetheories:

A

virtuetheories,deontological (moral obligation) theories, andteleologicaltheories

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11
Q

focus on the character of the person.

ethics is about what sort of person one should strive to become.

A

VIRTUE-BASED THEORY

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12
Q

The qualities that one should develop in oneself are called ____. (ex. honesty, fairness, kindness, faithfulness, generosity, prudence, integrity, bravery, etc.).

A

virtues

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13
Q

This type of theory claims that there are features within the actions themselves which determine whether or not they are right.

These features define the extent to which the actions conform with recognized moral duties.

A

DEONTOLOGICAL THEORY

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14
Q

______ do not consider consequences to be important when determining whether or not an action is ethical.

A

Deontological theories

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15
Q

Immanuel Kant’s ethical theory is ____.

He claims that actions are only morally right when they are done out of duty.

He sees moral duties as unchanging laws for human conduct.

Always act out of duty, in accordance with a good will

A

deontological

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16
Q

This describes an ethical theory which judges the rightness of an action in terms of an external goal or purpose.

A

TELEOLOGICAL THEORY

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17
Q

According to a _____, consequences always play some part, be it small or large, in the determination of what one should or should not do.

A

teleological theory

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18
Q

Theory of morality that derives duty or moral obligation from what is good or desirable as an end to be achieved.

A

TELEOLOGICAL THEORY

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19
Q

A division in philosophy which reflects on truth with due recourse of action.

A

Practical Philosophy

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20
Q

theattempttoworkouttheimplications of generaltheoriesforspecificformsof conductandmoral judgment; formerlycalled_____.

A

appliedethics.

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21
Q

is the study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief.

A

Critical Philosophy (Epistemology)

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22
Q

It analyzes the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth, belief and justification.

A

Critical Philosophy (Epistemology)

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23
Q

asks questions like: “What is knowledge?”, “How is knowledge acquired?”, “What do people know?”, “What are the necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge?”

A

Critical Philosophy (Epistemology)

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24
Q

______ reside in the realm of our values, morals, individual culture, intense personal beliefs, and faith.

A

Ethical questions

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25
Q

To gain a clearer understanding between morals and ethics we might consider the distinction offered by the ethicist _____, who stated that “ morality was what people believed to be right and good… while ethics is the critical reflections about morality and the rational analysis of it”.

A

Joseph Fletcher

26
Q

____, then, is nothing more than a generic term for the study of how we make judgements in regards to right and wrong (Edge & Grooves, 2019).

A

Ethics

27
Q

Applied Ethics

Actualizes/ applies the theories and principles provided by ethics

A

MORALITY

28
Q

MORALITY

Derived from the Latin word ___ or ____

A

MOS or MORIS

29
Q

Postulates in Ethics(Presumed to be true) (3)

A

The existence of God.
The existence of intellect and free will.
The spirituality and immortality of the human soul.

30
Q

Moral Assumptions

As a _____ and _____ of animal, man knows that there are actions that are right or wrong, and good or bad.

A

rational and free grade

31
Q

Moral Assumptions

Man knows that there are actions that _______.

A

he is not obliged to do

32
Q

Moral Assumptions

Man knows that he is _____.

A

responsible for his actions

33
Q

Moral Assumptions

Man knows that those actions are considered wrong are ____ and that those actions that are right are _____.

A

punishable; rewardable

34
Q

Humans: The Sole Moral Agents

It is their being ___ that makes humans humans.

A

rational

35
Q

Humans: The Sole Moral Agents

The human person’s _______ helps him/her draw judgements as he/she compares ideas.

A

perceptual knowledge

36
Q

Humans: The Sole Moral Agents

The human person, therefore, does not just perceive things but also _________.

A

analyzes, assesses, criticizes, or intellectualizing things.

37
Q

Intellect or Will?

Acts as the thinking faculty of the human person.

A

Intellect

38
Q

Intellect or Will?

It knows.

Enables him/her to search for truth

A

Intellect

39
Q

Intellect or Will?

It implements what it has chosen.

A

Will

40
Q

Intellect or Will?

Enables him/her to choose which is good.

It chooses.

A

Will

41
Q

Concrete Basis of Morality

Morality becomes vivid when one _______.

A

encounters a moral experience

42
Q

Concrete Basis of Morality

This moral experience leads him/her to a _____.

A

moral problem

43
Q

The human person is _____ to face his/her obligation.

A

duty-bound

44
Q

Should a person who has no money, steal?

Should a person who has no answer in an exam, cheat?

These are examples of?

A

Concrete Basis of Morality

45
Q

Natural science that deals with the issue of life

A

BIOLOGY

46
Q

Important in bioethics because it deals with the multifarious (DIVERSE) dimensions and domains of all life forms.

A

BIOLOGY

47
Q

The term BIOETHICS was introduced by _____ in ____, together with ______ when they founded the _______.

A

introduced by DANIEL CALLAHAN in 1969, together with WILLARD GAYLIN when they founded the HASTINGS CENTER

48
Q

BIOETHICS was popularized by ______ in ___.

A

VAN RENSSELAER POTTER in 1970

49
Q

This term was introduced by DANIEL CALLAHAN in 1969, together with WILLARD GAYLIN when they founded the HASTINGS CENTER

A

BIOETHICS

50
Q

A discipline that deals with the ethical implications of biological research.

A

BIOETHICS

51
Q

The study of ethical issues that emanate from the changes and developments in the life science technologies.

A

BIOETHICS

52
Q

A branch of ethics that deals with the life sciences and their impact in society.

A

BIOETHICS

53
Q

A branch of ethics that analyzes moral values in the context of biomedical sciences.

A

BIOETHICS

54
Q

A branch of the ethics of biological science and medicine.
A systematic study of the human conduct in the areas of the life sciences and healthcare.
It belongs to the auspices of medical ethics and is loosely anchored in the avenues of life sciences.
The study of the moral problems in medicine and biological technology.

A

BIOETHICS

55
Q

PREVAILING ISSUES SURROUNDING THE AUSPICES OF BIOETHICS: (6)

A

Human life
Health
Research
Science
Technology
Philosophy, theology, law and medicine

56
Q

A domain in the practice of the healthcare profession that sets the standards or guidelines relative to studies, inquiries, and decisions on the part of healthcare professionals in relation to the delivery of healthcare.

A

HEALTHCARE ETHICS

57
Q

Deals with ethical issues such as: life-support system, testing of diseases, access to healthcare services, brain death, clinical death, suicide, euthanasia, vices and virtues, conscience and law.

A

HEALTHCARE ETHICS

58
Q

The normative moral system that injuncts a kind of behavior that is expected of a professional.

NOT ONLY OF AN INDIVIDUAL BUT ALSO AS A GROUP.

A

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

59
Q

was composed in 1893 by Lystra E. Gretter and a Committee for the Farrand Training School for Nurses, Detroit. It was called the _____as a token of esteem for the founder of modern nursing.

A

NIGHTINGALE’S PLEDGE

60
Q

It was first administered to the 1893 graduating class of the Farrand Training School, Harper Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.

A

NIGHTINGALE’S PLEDGE

61
Q

NIGHTINGALE’S PLEDGE

was composed in __ by ________ and a Committee for the _________. It was called the Florence Nightingale Pledge as a token of esteem for the founder of modern nursing.

A

was composed in 1893 by Lystra E. Gretter and a Committee for the Farrand Training School for Nurses, Detroit. It was called the Florence Nightingale Pledge as a token of esteem for the founder of modern nursing.

62
Q

NIGHTINGALE’S PLEDGE

It was first administered to the ___ graduating class of the_________.

A

1893 graduating class of the Farrand Training School, Harper Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.

NCM 108 - BIOETHICS (4 decks)

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