Concepts in Biology Flashcards
what do all cells contain
DNA (made up of genes and directs the cell’s activities)
what does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
what are the four nucleotides that consist dna
adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), cytosine (C)
what are genes
the units of inheritance that trasmit information from parents to offspring
what is the hierarchy of biological organization (11)
- molecules (small)
- organelles
- cells
- tissues
- organs
- organ systems
- organisms
- populations
- communitites
- ecosystems
- biosphere (big)
what are molecules
chemical structure made up of 2 or more atoms, molecules &. chemicals are building blocks of organelles
what are organelles
different structures within cells with specialized functions (nucleus, golgi, mitochondrion)
what are cells
smallest unit of life, made up of different molecules and organelles
what’s the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells have a free floating dna while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus which contains the dna (membrane bound)
how do the sizes of viruses, bacterias and eukaryotic cells compare
eukaryotic > bacteria > virus
what is an organ
group of tissue performing a specific function
what is a community
groups of different organisms living together and interacting
what is an ecosystem
community of organisms in a particular area and their interactions with their physical surroundings
what is a population
group of same kind of organism living in one place
darwin
the environment selects the best adapted organisms for survival
what is evolution
the change of genetic makeup over time (adaptive traits)
what did darwin show
species demonstrate descent with modification from common acenstors, natural selection is the mechanism
what is natural selection
- organisms in a population have varying traits
- organisms who have the traits that allow them to survive in the environment will reproduce
- the adaptive genes are passed on
what is the form and function adaptation
an evolution that changes the shape of a body part to better fit the function of the part (aerodynamic wings)
how do you name a species
genus (cap) + species (low)
what are the three domains
eukarya, bacteria, archae
what kingdoms are associated with eukarya
protista
plantae
fungi
animalia
what are the kingdoms associated with bacteria and archae
bacteria: eubacteria
archae: archaebacteria
what does dumb kings play chess on fine grain sand stand for
taxonomic classification:
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what is constantly recycled in an ecosystem
nutrients (they pass through biotic and abiotic forms), carbon water nitrogen
what process does energy go through
it enters as light, flows through the living organisms and is lost as heat
what is a producer
photosynthetic organism
convert light energy into chemical energy
autotrophs (self feeding)
plants, algae
what is a consumer
feed on producers and other consumers
can’t produce energy
heterotrophs (obtain energy from others)
animals (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores)
what is a decomposer
break down dead organic matter
recycle nutrients
heterotrophs (feed on dead stuff)
bacteria, fungi
which two organisms are necessary for the environment
producers and decomposers not consumers
