Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AICP Exam > Concepts > Flashcards

Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Dual Nexus

A

Essential Nexus and Rough Proportionality

Nollan v. California Coastal Commission 1987 – SCOTUS exactions must demonstrate an “essential nexus” to legit state interest

Dolan v. City of Tigert 1997- SCOTUS ruled that essential nexus is not enough, there must also be “rough proportionality” between exactions and impact on property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Contingency Theory

A

Planning is a professional act that occurs within a political community

Approaches depend on degree of:

i. Agreement about goals
ii. Uncertainty
iii. Imminence of decision
iv. Need for community buy-in
v. Etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Collector Streets (Per Federal Highway Admin’s “Concepts, Criteria, Procedures”)

A

Provide traffic circulation and land access with all land uses by collecting and distributing traffic to these geographic areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Postmodern Critique

A

a. Theorist:
i. Beauregard
ii. Mandelbaum
iii. Sandercock
iv. Fainstein
b. Questions “What is the public good?”
c. What constitutes knowledge – not objective, socially constructed
d. Knowledge is open ended and context matters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Argyris and Schön

A

Social Learning- planners engage in reflection-in-action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Critical Pragmatism

A

Idea that truth in reality is best judged by the consequences of any particular action

Planning emphasis on deductive reasoning is inconsistent with pragmatic problem solving- should be a blend of inductive & deductive reasoning

Deductive Reasoning – General Principle/Theory–> Predictions/Hypothesis–>Testing–>Observations of specific cases

Inductive Reasoning- General Principle/Theory –>generalizations–>pattern–>observations of specific cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Theory of Communicative Reason

A

Jurgen Habermas was one primary developer of the theory

Rejects abstract rationalism of comprehensive planning

Emphasizes public engagement, interaction, and debate

Leads to communicative turn - Active public engagement

Communicative rationality emphasizes transparency, inclusiveness, and truth seeking and processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cumulative Zoning

A

Having permitted uses automatically build from one district to each successive one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metes and Bounds Survey

A

Have monuments

Considered oldest type of legal description

Has POBs (Point of Beginning)

Uses words “more or less”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Shift-Share Analysis

A

Evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of a specific regions industries

How well the regions mix of industries are performing

How well the regions individual industries are performing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ISTEA (Ice Tea)

A

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 1991- G.H.W. Bush

Federal law that posed major change to transportation planning

Presented overall intermodal approach to Highway and Transit funding w/ collaborative planning requirements, giving significant powers to metropolitan planning organizations

Provided funds to convert dormant railways to bike trails. Included funding for historic preservation and scenic bikeways - Expired in 1997

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Critical Path Method

A

Technique used to figure out what steps in a project will be most critical to project moving forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Regression

A

Statistical technique that provides an estimate of one variable based on the linear function of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Variance

A

Measure of dispersion around the mean that is calculated as the average of the sum of the squared deviations from the mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Community Character Act (C.C.A) 2002

A

Bill to improve environmental policy by providing assistance for state and tribal land use planning to promote improved quality of life, regionalism, and sustainable economic development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exaction

A

Condition for development imposed on parcel of land that requires developer t mitigate anticipated negative impacts of the development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fishbowl Planning

A

Powerful communication and public participation tactic aimed at creating a truly informed public

18
Q

Oligotrophic Lakes

A

Deep lakes that have a low supply of nutrients and this contain little organic matter

19
Q

Zero-Base Budgeting

A

Invovles: budget is broken up into “decision packages”

Budget starts from scratch

“decision packets” are tied to long-range plans

20
Q

Environmental Impact Statement

A

Written to satisfy regulations of NEPA when a major action will have a significant impact on the environment

21
Q

Hoshin Planning

A

Japanese –> Policy Management/Compass Management

7 Step process used in strategic planning in which strategic goals are communicated throughout the company and then put into action

Aligns the major strategy objectives with specific resources and action plans

22
Q

Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO)

A

Federally mandated and funded. Transportation policy-making organization that is made up of representatives from local government and governmental transportation authorities.

Not a level of government, but has effective control over transportation improvements with in the area since a project must be a part of its adopted plan in order to receive federal funding.

23
Q

City Functional Movement

A

Developed in the war years of the 1940s with the growth of the military and renewed industrialization.

Emphasized functionalism and administrative efficiency contributed to Federal Government

Increased involvement in local planning and the post-war passage of Section 701 of the Housing Act in 1954, which subsidized general plans for localities until 1981

24
Q

Central Place Theory

A

Walter Christaller- 1933

Asserts that settlements simply functioned as “central places” providing services to surrounding areas

Contends villages will be closer together while large cities will be farther apart

25
Q

PSD Standards

A

Deal with regulations to deal with high quality airsheds

PSD- Prevention of Significant Deterioration

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

26
Q

Indicators Initiative

A

EPA document that identifies where additional research, data quality, improvements and information are needed

27
Q

Marsh

A

Type of wetland that does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation

28
Q

“C” Service level roadway as per Highway Capacity Manual (1994)

A

Stable Flow

Moderate Delays

Speed determined by traffic

29
Q

Standard Deviation

A

68% measurement within 1 Standard Deviation

95% within 2 Standard Deviations

99% within 3 Standard Deviations

30
Q

What was created by Federal Government to eliminate distressed public housing?

A

HOPE- VI

Plan by US government – housing of urban development meant to revitalize the worst public housing projects in the US into mixed-income developments

Program started in 1992

31
Q

What was published in 1909?

A

Daniel Burnham’s Plan of Chicago

First metropolitan regional plan in the US

32
Q

What was created in LA County in 1922?

A

LA County Regional Planning Commission - First in the US

33
Q

In 1954, the Council of Governments vegan in which city?

A

Detroit

34
Q

Which section of Code of Ethics deals with aspirations?

A

Section 1

35
Q

In 1924, President Herbert Hoover issued what?

A

Standard State Zoning Enabling Act

36
Q

First National Conference on City Planning?

A

Washington DC – 1901

37
Q

Radham, NJ

A

Designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright based on Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City concepts

Featured alleys behind houses, cul-de-sacs, communal gardens, and a separation of vehicular and pedestrian access

38
Q

LIDAG Program

A

Urban development action grants

Projects offer fortile venues for the investigations of relations between the public and private sector

Goal of leveraging intergovernmental coordination and the placement of responsibilities for proposals with local governments

Goal to facilitate public-private partnerships in the targeted redevelopment and economic recovery of urban areas

39
Q

1st City Zoning Ordinance

A

New York City 1916

40
Q

Tomorrow: A peaceful Path to Real Reform

A

Written in 1898 by Ebenezer Howard

Reprinted in 1902 as Garden Cities of tomorrow

41
Q

Ordinance of 1785

A

Provided for the rectangular land survey of the old Northwest.

The rectangular survey has been called “the largest single act of national planning in our history and the most significant in terms of continuing impact on the body politic

42
Q

American Planning Association (APA)

A

Came about in 1978 through the merger of two earlier professional organizations

American City Planning Institute, formed in 1917 and renamed the American Institute of Planners in 1939

American Society of Planning Officials established in 1934

AICP Exam (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions