CONCEPTS

Question 1

lib·er·tar·i·an·ism

Answer 1

noun

an extreme laissez-faire political philosophy advocating only minimal state intervention in the lives of citizens.

Question 2

Dogma

Answer 2

a principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.
“the Christian dogma of the Trinity”
synonyms: teaching, belief, tenet, principle, precept, maxim

Question 3

existentialism

Answer 3

noun, Philosophy.
1.
a philosophical attitude associated especially with Heidegger, Jaspers, Marcel, and Sartre, and opposed to rationalism and empiricism, that stresses the individual’s unique position as a self-determining agent responsible for the authenticity of his or her choices.

Question 4

rationalism

Answer 4

noun
1.
the principle or habit of accepting reason as the supreme authority in matters of opinion, belief, or conduct.

Philosophy.
the doctrine that reason alone is a source of knowledge and is independent of experience.
(in the philosophies of Descartes, Spinoza, etc.) the doctrine that all knowledge is expressible in self-evident propositions or their consequences.

Question 5

empiricism

Answer 5

Philosophy. the doctrine that all knowledge is derived from sense experience.

Question 6

met·a·phys·i·cal

Answer 6

relating to metaphysics.
“the essentially metaphysical question of the nature of the mind”
based on abstract (typically, excessively abstract) reasoning.
“an empiricist rather than a metaphysical view of law”
synonyms: abstract, theoretical, conceptual, notional, philosophical, speculative, intellectual, academic
“metaphysical questions”
transcending physical matter or the laws of nature.
“Good and Evil are inextricably linked in a metaphysical battle across space and time”
synonyms: transcendental, spiritual, supernatural, paranormal
“Good and Evil are inextricably linked in a metaphysical battle”
2.
of or characteristic of the metaphysical poets.
noun
noun: Metaphysical; plural noun: Metaphysicals; plural noun: the Metaphysicals; noun: metaphysical; plural noun: metaphysicals

Question 7

epistemic

Answer 7

Adjective
(not comparable)

Of or relating to knowledge or cognition; cognitive.
(rare) Of or relating to theory of knowledge (epistemology).
Usage notes
Philosophers usually differentiate the meanings of “epistemic” and “epistemological”. They generally use “epistemic” in the sense “of or relating to knowledge or cognition” and use “epistemological” in the sense “of or relating to epistemology”. [citation needed]