2019 Words Flashcards

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1
Q

incredulity

A

noun

the state of being unwilling or unable to believe something.

“he stared down the street in incredulity”

synonyms:disbelief,incredulousness,lack of belief,

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2
Q

Lugubrious

A

adjective

looking or sounding sad and dismal.

“his face looked even more lugubrious than usual”

synonyms:mournful,gloomy,sad,unhappy,

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3
Q

titillation

A

noun

the arousal of interest or excitement, especially through sexually suggestive images or words.

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4
Q

syndication

A

noun

agroupofindividualsororganizationscombinedormakingajointefforttoundertakesomespecificdutyorcarryoutspecifictransactionsornegotiations:Thelocalfurniturestoreisindividuallyowned,butispartof abuyingsyndicate.

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5
Q

rhetoric

A

the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

“he is using a common figure of rhetoric, hyperbole”

synonyms:oratory,eloquence,power of speech,command of language,expression,way with words,delivery,diction

“he was considered to excel in this form of rhetoric”

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6
Q

imperceptibly

A

adverb

in a way that is so slight, gradual, or subtle as not to be perceived.

“the corners of her mouth rose almost imperceptibly”

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7
Q

im·per·cep·ti·ble

A

adjective

impossible to perceive.

“his head moved in an almost imperceptible nod”

synonyms:unnoticeable,undetectable,indistinguishable,indiscernible,unapparent,

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8
Q

em·blem·at·ic

A

adjective

serving as a symbol of a particular quality or concept; symbolic.

“this case isemblematic ofa larger problem”

synonyms:symbolic,representative,demonstrative,

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9
Q

quin·tes·sen·tial / quin·tes·sence

A

adjective

representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.

“he was the quintessential tough guy—strong, silent, and self-contained”

synonyms:typical,prototypical,stereotypical,archetypal,classic,

noun
the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.

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10
Q

om·nis·cient

A

adjective

adjective:omniscient

knowing everything.

“the story is told by an omniscient narrator”

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11
Q

jin·go·ism

A

noun

extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy.

“the popular jingoism that swept the lower–middle classes”

synonyms:extreme patriotism,blind patriotism,

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12
Q

vo·cif·er·ous·ly

A

adverb

in a loud and forceful manner.

“the country vociferously opposed the war”

crying out noisily

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13
Q

ca·pri·cious

A

adjective

adjective
subject to, led by, or indicative of a sudden, odd notion or unpredictable change; erratic:

He’s such a capricious boss I never know how he’ll react.

2 Obsolete . fanciful or witty.

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14
Q

trans·mog·ri·fy

A

verb

HUMOROUS

transform in a surprising or magical manner.

“the cucumbers that were ultimately transmogrified into pickles”

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15
Q

ped·a·gog·i·cal

A

adjective

relating to teaching.

“innovative pedagogical methods”

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16
Q

pros·e·lyt·ize

A

verb

convert or attempt to convert (someone) from one religion, belief, or opinion to another.

“the program did have a tremendous evangelical effect, proselytizing many”

synonyms:evangelize,convert,seek/make converts,bring to God/Christ,bring into the fold,

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17
Q

dis·sem·i·na·tion

A

noun
noun: dissemination; plural noun: disseminations
the action or fact of spreading something, especially information, widely.
“the dissemination of public information”
synonyms: spreading, circulation, distribution

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18
Q

pi·ous

A

adjective
devoutly religious.
synonyms: religious, devout, devoted, dedicated, reverent, God-fearing, churchgoing, spiritual,

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19
Q

pur·ports

A

verb
3rd person present: purports
falsely claim
appear or claim to be or do something, especially falsely; profess.
“she is not the person she purports to be”
synonyms: claim, lay claim, profess, pretend

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20
Q

prog·nos·ti·ca·tion

A

noun
the action of foretelling or prophesying future events.
“an unprecedented amount of soul-searching and prognostication”
a prophecy.
plural noun: prognostications

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21
Q

in·ces·sant

A

adjective
(of something regarded as unpleasant) continuing without pause or interruption.
“the incessant beat of the music”
synonyms: ceaseless, unceasing, constant, continual, unabating, interminable, endless, unending, never-ending, everlasting, eternal

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22
Q

pri·mor·di·al

A

adjective
existing at or from the beginning of time; primeval.
“the primordial oceans”
synonyms: ancient, earliest, first, prehistoric, antediluvian, antique, primeval, primitive, primal; More
(especially of a state or quality) basic and fundamental.
“the primordial needs of the masses”

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23
Q

for·tu·i·tous·ly

A

adverb
adverb: fortuitously
by chance rather than intention.
“he fortuitously ended up in Detroit when his car broke down”
by a lucky chance; fortunately.
“my arrival appears to be fortuitously timed”

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24
Q

ses·qui·pe·da·li·an

A
Definition of sesquipedalian
1 : having many syllables : LONG
sesquipedalian terms
2 : given to or characterized by the use of long words
a sesquipedalian television commentator
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25
Q

pro·di·gious

A

adjective
1.
remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree.
“the stove consumed a prodigious amount of fuel”
synonyms: enormous, huge, colossal, immense, vast, great, massive, gigantic, mammoth, tremendous, considerable, substantial, large, sizeable, inordinate, monumental, mighty, gargantuan; More

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26
Q

pir·ou·ette

A

verb
gerund or present participle: pirouetting
perform a pirouette.
“she pirouetted and made a bow”
synonyms: spin round, twirl, whirl, turn round, gyrate, revolve, pivot
“she pirouetted before the wardrobe mirror”

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27
Q

e·lic·it

A

verb
past tense: elicited; past participle: elicited
evoke or draw out (a response, answer, or fact) from someone in reaction to one’s own actions or questions.
“they invariably elicit exclamations of approval from guests”
synonyms: obtain, bring out, draw out, extract, evoke, bring about, bring forth, induce, excite, give rise to, call forth, prompt, generate, engender, spark off, trigger, kindle

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28
Q

mo·dus op·e·ran·di

A

noun
a particular way or method of doing something, especially one that is characteristic or well-established.
“the volunteers were instructed to buy specific systems using our usual modus operandi—anonymously and with cash”
synonyms: method of working, method, way, MO, manner, technique

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29
Q

in·ces·sant

A

adjective
(of something regarded as unpleasant) continuing without pause or interruption.
“the incessant beat of the music”
synonyms: ceaseless, unceasing, constant, continual, unabating, interminable, endless, unending

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30
Q

at·tri·tion

A

noun
1. the action or process of gradually reducing the strength or effectiveness of someone or something through sustained attack or pressure.
“the council is trying to wear down the opposition by attrition”
synonyms: wearing down, wearing away, weakening, debilitation, enfeebling, sapping,

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31
Q

fas·tid·i·ous

A

adjective

very attentive to and concerned about accuracy and detail.

“he chooses his words with fastidious care”

synonyms:scrupulous,punctilious,painstaking,

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32
Q

austerity

A

noun

sternness or severity of manner or attitude.

“he was noted for his austerity and his authoritarianism”

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33
Q

cog·ni·zance

A

noun
1.
FORMAL
knowledge, awareness, or notice.
“he was deputed to bring the affair to the cognizance of the board”
synonyms: awareness, notice, knowledge, consciousness, apprehension, perception, realization, recognition, appreciation
“he brought the affair to the cognizance of the court”
2.
HERALDRY
a distinctive device or mark, especially an emblem or badge formerly worn by retainers of a noble house.

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34
Q

ad·vent

A

noun
the arrival of a notable person, thing, or event.
“the advent of television”
synonyms: arrival, appearance, emergence, materialization, surfacing, occurrence, dawn, origin, birth, rise, development; More

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35
Q

vo·ra·cious

A

adjective

wanting or devouring great quantities of food.

“he had a voracious appetite”

synonyms:insatiable,unquenchable,unappeasable,prodigious,uncontrollable,uncontrolled,omnivorous,compulsive,gluttonous,greedy,rapacious;More

having a very eager approach to an activity.

“his voracious reading of literature”

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36
Q

incalcitrant

A

Adjective:
Stubbornlyresistanttoauthorityorcontrol
-fractious,refractory,recalcitrant
Markedbystubbornresistancetoauthority
“the Universitysuspendedthe most incalcitrantdemonstrators”;
-recalcitrant

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37
Q

con·tri·tion

A

noun

the state of feeling remorseful and penitent.

synonyms:remorse,remorsefulness,repentance,penitence,sorrow,sorrowfulness,regret,contriteness,ruefulness,pangs of conscience,prickings of conscience;More

(in the Roman Catholic Church) the repentance of past sins during or after confession.

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38
Q

a·kin

A

adjective

of similar character.

“somethingakin togratitude overwhelmed her”

synonyms:similar,related,close,near,corresponding,comparable,parallel,equivalent;More

related by blood.

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39
Q

flip·pant

A

adjective

not showing a serious or respectful attitude.

“a flippant remark”

synonyms:frivolous,superficial,shallow,glib,thoughtless,carefree,irresponsible

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40
Q

im·plic·it

A

adjective

1.

implied though not plainly expressed.

“comments seen as implicit criticism of the policies”

synonyms:implied,indirect,inferred,understood,hinted,suggested,deducible;More

2.

essentially or very closely connected with; always to be found in.

“the values implicit in the school ethos”

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41
Q

pro·lif·er·a·tion

A

noun

noun:proliferation

rapid increase in numbers.

“a continuing threat of nuclear proliferation”

rapid reproduction of a cell, part, or organism.

“we attempted to measure cell proliferation”

synonyms:rapid increase,growth,multiplication,spread,escalation,expansion,buildup,buildout,burgeoning,snowballing,mushrooming

“the proliferation of missiles and missile technology”

antonyms:decrease

a large number of something.

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42
Q

pro·cliv·i·ty

A

noun

a tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition toward a particular thing.

“aproclivity forhard work”

synonyms:liking,inclination,tendency,leaning,disposition,propensity,bent,bias,penchant,predisposition,predilection,partiality,preference,taste,fondness,weakness,proneness;

rarevelleity

“his sexual proclivities are none of your business”

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43
Q

sac·ro·sanct

A

adjective

(especially of a principle, place, or routine) regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with.

“the individual’s right to work has been upheld as sacrosanct”

synonyms:sacred,hallowed,respected,inviolable,inviolate,unimpeachable,unchallengeable,invulnerable,untouchable,inalienable,set apart,protected,defended,secure,safe,unthreatened

“the rights of parents are sacrosanct for this government”

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44
Q

ax·i·om

A

noun

a statement or proposition which is regarded as being established, accepted, or self-evidently true.

“theaxiom thatsupply equals demand”

synonyms:accepted truth,general truth,dictum,truism,principle;

45
Q

im·mi·nent

A

adjective

1.

about to happen.

“they were in imminent danger of being swept away”

synonyms:impending,at hand,close,near,approaching,fast approaching,coming,forthcoming,on the way,about to happen,upon us,in store,in the offing,in the pipeline,on the horizon,in the air,in the wind,brewing,looming,looming large;More

46
Q

stave

A

verb

1.

break something by forcing it inward or piercing it roughly.

“the door was staved in”

synonyms:break in,smash in,put a hole in,push in,kick in,cave in,splinter,shiver,fracture

“the ship had been driven aground, her hullstaved in”

2.

avert or delay something bad or dangerous.

“a reassuring presence can stave off a panic attack”

synonyms:avert,prevent,avoid,preclude,rule

47
Q

pro·cliv·i·ty

A

noun

a tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition toward a particular thing.

“aproclivity forhard work”

synonyms:liking,inclination,tendency,leaning,disposition,propensity,bent,bias,penchant,predisposition,predilection,partiality,

48
Q

su·per·flu·ous

A

adjective
unnecessary, especially through being more than enough.
“the purchaser should avoid asking for superfluous information”
synonyms: surplus, redundant, unneeded, not required, excess, extra, spare, to spare, remaining, unused, left over; More

49
Q

pro·pen·si·ty

A

noun
noun: propensity; plural noun: propensities
an inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.
“a propensity for violence”
synonyms: tendency, inclination, predisposition, proneness, proclivity, readiness, susceptibility, liability, disposition;

50
Q

aus·tere

A

adjective

severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance.

“an austere man, with a rigidly puritanical outlook”

synonyms:severe,stern,strict,harsh,unfeeling,stony,steely,flinty,dour,grim,cold,frosty,frigid,icy,chilly,unemotional,unfriendly,formal,

51
Q

con·ten·tious

A

adjective

causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.

“a contentious issue”

synonyms:controversial,disputable,debatable,disputed,contended,open to question/debate,moot,vexed;More

involving heated argument.

52
Q

con·sti·tute

A

,verb

gerund or present participle:constituting

1.

be (a part) of a whole.

“single parents constitute a great proportion of the poor”

synonyms:amount to,add up to,account for,form,make up,compose,comprise,represent

“farmers constituted 10 percent of the population”

2.

give legal or constitutional form to (an institution); establish by law.

synonyms:inaugurate,initiate,establish,found,create,set up,put in place,start,begin,originate,form,organize,develop,shape

53
Q

neg·li·gi·ble

A

adjective

so small or unimportant as to be not worth considering; insignificant.

“sound could at last be recorded with incredible ease and at negligible cost”

synonyms:trivial,trifling,insignificant,unimportant,minor,of no account,of no consequence,of no importance,not worth bothering about,not worth mentioning,inconsequential,

54
Q

sul·try

A

adjective
1.
(of the air or weather) hot and humid.
“the sultry late summer weather had brought swarms of insects”
synonyms: humid, close, airless, stuffy, stifling, suffocating, oppressive, muggy, sticky, sweltering, tropical, torrid, steamy, heavy; More
2.
(of a person, especially a woman) attractive in a way that suggests a passionate nature.
“a sultry French au pair”
synonyms: passionate, attractive, sensual, sexy, voluptuous, luscious, erotic, seductive, provocative, alluring, tempting
“a sultry film star”

55
Q

rec·luse

A

noun

1.

a person who lives a solitary life and tends to avoid other people.

“she has turned into a virtual recluse”

synonyms:hermit,ascetic;More

adjective

ARCHAIC

1.

favoring a solitary life.

56
Q

dis·cern

A

verb

perceive or recognize (something).distinguish

“I can discern no difference between the two policies”

distinguish (someone or something) with difficulty by sight or with the other senses.

“she could faintly discern the shape of a skull”

synonyms:perceive,make out,pick out,detect,recognize,notice,observe,see,spot;More

57
Q

ar·du·ous

A

adjective
involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.
“an arduous journey”
synonyms: onerous, taxing, difficult, hard, heavy, laborious, burdensome, strenuous, vigorous, back-breaking,

58
Q

o·pine

A

verb

FORMAL

past tense:opined; past participle:opined

hold and state as one’s opinion.

““The man is a genius,” he opined”

synonyms:suggest,submit,advance,propose,venture,volunteer,put forward,moot,propound,posit,air,hazard,say,declare,observe,

59
Q

im·pet·u·ous

A

adjective
adjective: impetuous
acting or done quickly and without thought or care.
“her friend was headstrong and impetuous”
synonyms: impulsive, rash, hasty, overhasty, reckless, heedless, foolhardy, incautious, imprudent, injudicious, ill-conceived, ill-considered, unplanned, unreasoned, unthought-out, unthinking; More
antonyms: cautious, considered
moving forcefully or rapidly.
“an impetuous but controlled flow of water”
synonyms: torrential, powerful, forceful, vigorous,

60
Q

e·late

A

verb
past tense: elated; past participle: elated
make (someone) ecstatically happy.
“I felt elated at beating Dennis”

61
Q

am·o·rous

A

adjective
showing, feeling, or relating to sexual desire.
“she rejected his amorous advances”
synonyms: lustful, sexual, erotic, amatory, ardent

62
Q

ju·bi·lant

A

adjective
feeling or expressing great happiness and triumph.
synonyms: overjoyed, exultant, triumphant, joyful

63
Q

crux

A

noun
the decisive or most important point at issue.
“the crux of the matter is that attitudes have changed”
synonyms: nub, heart, essence, most important point, central point, main point, essential part, core, center, nucleus, kernel; informalthe bottom line
“the crux of the matter”
a particular point of difficulty.
plural noun: cruces; plural noun: cruxes
“both cruces can be resolved by a consideration of the manuscripts”

64
Q

moot

A

adjective
adjective: moot
1.
subject to debate, dispute, or uncertainty.
“whether the temperature rise was mainly due to the greenhouse effect was a moot point”
synonyms: debatable, open to debate, open to discussion, arguable, questionable, at issue, open to question, open, doubtful, open to doubt, disputable, contestable, controvertible, problematic, problematical, controversial, contentious, vexed, disputed, unresolved, unsettled, up in the air, undecided, yet to be decided, undetermined, unconcluded
“whether the temperature rise is due to the greenhouse effect is a moot point”
2.
having little or no practical relevance, typically because the subject is too uncertain to allow a decision.

65
Q

nox·ious

A

adjective
adjective: noxious
harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant.
“they were overcome by the noxious fumes”
synonyms: poisonous, toxic, deadly, virulent

66
Q

a·vail

A

verb
verb: avail; 3rd person present: avails; past tense: availed; past participle: availed; gerund or present participle: availing
1.
LITERARY
help or benefit.
“no amount of struggle availed Charles”
synonyms: help, aid, assist, benefit, be of use to, be useful to, profit, be of advantage to, be of service to
“even if his arguments are correct, that cannot avail him in this case”
2.
INDIAN
use or take advantage of (an opportunity or available resource).
“you can avail discounts on food”
synonyms: use, make use of, take advantage of, utilize, employ; More
noun
noun: avail; plural noun: avails
1.
use or benefit.
“he begged her to reconsider, but to no avail”

67
Q

ex·pli·cate

A

verb
verb: explicate; 3rd person present: explicates; past tense: explicated; past participle: explicated; gerund or present participle: explicating
analyze and develop (an idea or principle) in detail.
“attempting to explicate the relationship between crime and economic forces”
synonyms: explain, explain in detail

68
Q

pre·car·i·ous

A

adjective
not securely held or in position; dangerously likely to fall or collapse.
“a precarious ladder”
dependent on chance; uncertain.
“he made a precarious living as a painter”
synonyms: uncertain, insecure, unreliable, unsure, unpredictable, undependable, risky, hazardous, dangerous, unsafe, hanging by a thread

69
Q

mo·rose

A

adjective
sullen and ill-tempered.
“she was morose and silent when she got home”
synonyms: sullen, sulky, gloomy, bad-tempered, ill-tempered

70
Q

in·ter·stice

A

noun

plural noun:interstices

an intervening space, especially a very small one.

“sunshine filtered through the interstices of the arching trees”

synonyms:space,gap,interval,aperture,opening,hole,cranny,crevice,chink,slit,slot

71
Q

ne·far·i·ous

A

adjective
(typically of an action or activity) wicked or criminal.
“the nefarious activities of the organized-crime syndicates”
synonyms: wicked, evil, sinful, iniquitous

72
Q

e·gal·i·tar·i·an

A

adjective
1.
relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
“a fairer, more egalitarian society”
noun
1.
a person who advocates or supports egalitarian principles.

73
Q

das·tard·ly das·tard

A

adjective: dastardly
wicked and cruel.
“pirates and their dastardly deeds”
synonyms: wicked, evil, iniquitous, heinous, villainous,

noun: dastard; plural noun: dastards
a dishonorable or despicable person.

74
Q

su·per·la·tive

A

adjective

1.

of the highest quality or degree.

“a superlative piece of skill”

synonyms:excellent,magnificent,wonderful,glorious,marvelous,brilliant,supreme,consummate,outstanding,prodigious,dazzling,remarkable,formidable,fine,

75
Q

re·sur·gence

A

noun

an increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence.

“aresurgence ofinterest in religion”

synonyms:renewal,revival,recovery,rally,

76
Q

ob·fus·cate

A

verb

render obscure, unclear, or unintelligible.

“the spelling changes will deform some familiar words and obfuscate their etymological origins”

synonyms:obscure,confuse,make obscure/unclear,blur,muddle,jumble,complicate,garble,muddy,cloud

77
Q

mis·no·mer

A

noun
a wrong or inaccurate name or designation.
“morning sickness is a misnomer for many women, since the nausea can occur any time during the day”
a wrong or inaccurate use of a name or term.
“to call this “neighborhood policing” would be a misnomer”

78
Q

in·dem·ni·fy

A

erb
compensate (someone) for harm or loss.
“the amount of insurance that may be carried to indemnify the owner in the event of a loss”
synonyms: reimburse, compensate, recompense, repay, pay back, remunerate, recoup, requite,

79
Q

ca·pit·u·late

A

verb
verb: capitulate; 3rd person present: capitulates; past tense: capitulated; past participle: capitulated; gerund or present participle: capitulating
cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand; surrender.
“the patriots had to capitulate to the enemy forces”
synonyms: surrender, give in, yield, admit defeat, concede defeat, give up the struggle, submit, back down, climb down, give way, cave in, succumb, crumble, bow to someone/something; More

80
Q

in·com·men·su·ra·ble

A

adjective

1.

not able to be judged by the same standard as something; having no common standard of measurement.

“the two types of science are incommensurable”

81
Q

pre·sump·tu·ous

A

adjective

(of a person or their behavior) failing to observe the limits of what is permitted or appropriate.

“I hope I won’t be considered presumptuous if I offer some advice”

synonyms:brazen,overconfident,arrogant,egotistical,overbold,bold,audacious,pert,forward,familiar,impertinent,fresh,free,insolent,impudent,cocksure;More

82
Q

ex·tri·cate

A

verb

free (someone or something) from a constraint or difficulty.

“he was trying toextricatehimselffromofficial duties”

synonyms:extract,free,release,disentangle,get out,remove,withdraw,let loose,loosen,unloose

83
Q

in·fin·i·tes·i·mal

A

adjective

1.

extremely small.

“an infinitesimal pause”

synonyms:minute,tiny,minuscule,extremely small,very

84
Q

par·ti·san

A

noun

1.

a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person.

synonyms:supporter,follower,adherent,devotee,champion,backer,upholder,promoter,

85
Q

fal·la·cious

A

adjective

based on a mistaken belief.

“fallacious arguments”

synonyms:erroneous,false,untrue,wrong,incorrect,faulty,flawed,inaccurate,inexact,imprecise,mistaken,misinformed,misguided,

86
Q

pro·pri·e·ty

A

noun

the state or quality of conforming to conventionally accepted standards of behavior or morals.

“he always behaved with the utmost propriety”

synonyms:decorum,respectability,decency,

87
Q

con·fla·tion

A

noun

noun:conflation; plural noun:conflations

the merging of two or more sets of information, texts, ideas, etc. into one.

“the forceful conflation of two traditions”

88
Q

for·mi·da·ble

A

adjective
inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable.
“a formidable opponent”
synonyms: intimidating, forbidding, redoubtable, daunting,

89
Q

i·rate

A

adjective
feeling or characterized by great anger.
“a barrage of irate letters”
synonyms: angry, very angry, furious, infuriated, incensed, enraged, incandescent, fuming, seething, ireful, cross, mad;

90
Q

pre·cip·i·tous·ly

A

adverb
adverb: precipitously
1.
very steeply.
“off the coast, the depth of the sea floor drops precipitously”
(with reference to a change to a worse situation) suddenly and dramatically.
“sales dropped precipitously”
2.
hastily and without careful consideration.
“several columnists criticized the government for acting precipitously”

91
Q

sol·ip·sism

A

noun
noun: solipsism
the view or theory that the self is all that can be known to exist.

92
Q

per·ni·cious

A

adjective

having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.

“the pernicious influences of the mass media”

synonyms:harmful,damaging,destructive,injurious,

93
Q

un·prec·e·dent·ed

A

adjective
never done or known before.
“the government took the unprecedented step of releasing confidential correspondence”
synonyms: unparalleled, unequaled, unmatched, unrivaled, without parallel, without equal

94
Q

ca·pit·u·late

A

verb

cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand; surrender.

“the patriots had tocapitulate tothe enemy forces”

synonyms:surrender,give in,yield,admit defeat,concede defeat,give up the struggle,submit,back down,climb down,give way,cave in,succumb,crumble,bow to

95
Q

anthropization

A

Ingeographyandecology,anthropizationis the conversion of open spaces, landscapes, andnatural environmentsby human action.[1]
Anthropic erosion is the process of human action degradingterrainandsoil.
An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such asgrasslandsthat have beendeforestedby humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case ofurbanizationbecause one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action.[citation needed]

96
Q

cor·po·re·al

A

adjective

relating to a person’s body, especially as opposed to their spirit.

“he was frank about his corporeal appetites”

having a body.

“a corporeal God”

synonyms:bodily,fleshly,carnal,corporal,human,mortal,earthly;More

97
Q

den·i·grate

A

verb

criticize unfairly; disparage.

“there is a tendency to denigrate the poor”

synonyms:disparage,belittle,diminish,deprecate,cast aspersions on,decry,criticize unfairly,attack,speak ill of,speak badly of,blacken

98
Q

hu·bris

A

noun

excessive pride or self-confidence.

“the self-assured hubris among economists was shaken in the late 1980s”

synonyms:arrogance,conceit,conceitedness

99
Q

e·gre·gious

A

adjective
outstandingly bad; shocking.
“egregious abuses of copyright”
synonyms: shocking, appalling, horrific, horrifying, horrible, terrible, awful, dreadful, grievous, gross, ghastly, hideous, horrendous, frightful, atrocious, abominable, abhorrent

100
Q

per·il·ous

A

adjective
full of danger or risk.
“a perilous journey south”
synonyms: dangerous, fraught with danger, hazardous, risky, unsafe, treacherous

101
Q

ag·gre·gate

A

a whole formed by combining several (typically disparate) elements.
“the council was an aggregate of three regional assemblies”

102
Q

an·cil·lar·y

A

adjective
providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, institution, industry, or system.
“the development of ancillary services to support its products”
noun
a person whose work provides necessary support to the primary activities of an organization, institution, or industry.
“the employment of specialist teachers and ancillaries”

103
Q

fal·la·cious

A

adjective

based on a mistaken belief.

“fallacious arguments”

synonyms:erroneous,false,untrue,wrong,incorrect,faulty,flawed,inaccurate,inexact,imprecise,mistaken,misinformed,misguided,misleading,deceptive,delusive,delusory,illusory,sophistic,specious,fictitious,spurious,fabricated,distorted,made up,

104
Q

sa·la·cious

A

adjective

having or conveying undue or inappropriate interest in sexual matters.

“salacious stories”

105
Q

per·ni·cious

A

adjective
having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
“the pernicious influences of the mass media”

106
Q

dis·en·fran·chise

A

verb
past tense: disenfranchised; past participle: disenfranchised
deprive (someone) of the right to vote.
“the law disenfranchised some 3,000 voters on the basis of a residence qualification”
deprive (someone) of a right or privilege.
“a measure that would disenfranchise people from access to legal advice”

107
Q

dis·a·vow

A

verb

deny any responsibility or support for.

“he appears to be in denial of his own past, which he continually disavows”

108
Q

un·e·quiv·o·cal·ly

A

adverb
in a way that leaves no doubt.
“we unequivocally condemn any violence in the protest”

109
Q

haughty

A

adjective
arrogantly superior and disdainful.
“a look of haughty disdain”