Concepts

Question 1

what is a population?

Answer 1

totality of individuals that share common attributes

Question 2

what is the main goal of epidemiology

Answer 2

research to inform policy to prevent disease

Question 3

what are concepts of epidemiology

Answer 3

endemic
pandemic

Question 4

what can veterinarians do in means of epidemiology

Answer 4

surveillance and disease reporting

evaluation and screen tests of animals

vaccine and new drug developement

Question 5

what population data is necessary for the practice of medicine

Answer 5

diagnosis
prevention
treatment
prognosis

Question 6

what is based on descriptive studies that have identified
1. demographics
2. success of current programs

Answer 6

prevention

Question 7

what has several clinical trials have evaluated effective treatment protocols for a number of diseases

Answer 7

treatment

Question 8

what are the tools of epidemiologic approach

Answer 8

epidemiologic studies
surveillance
planning

Question 9

what are the steps of the epidemiologic process

Answer 9

ID risk of factors
determination of frequency in populations
strategic planning

Question 10

what is the usual frequency of disease in a population

Answer 10

endemic (enzootic)

Question 11

when is a disease considered endemic

Answer 11

occurs with predictable regularity in a population

Question 12

true or false:
endemic diseases can become epidemics

Answer 12

true
perfect host / agent/ environment

Question 13

when is a disease considered epidemic (epizootic)

Answer 13

often synonymous with the term outbreak and typically used for infectious diseases

Question 14

what is an epidemic

Answer 14

a disease that is rapidly spread and many individuals acquire disease over a short period

Question 15

true or false
a single case can be an epidemic for a new disease or one that has not been seen for a very long time

Answer 15

true

Question 16

what characteristic of a virus is needed to even qualify it for an epidemic/pandemic

Answer 16

high morbidity
high mortality

Question 17

what categorizes Phase 5 of a pandemic

Answer 17

human to human spread of the virus into at least 2 countries in one WHO region

Question 18

what categorizes Phase 6 of a pandemic

Answer 18

community level outbreaks in at lease one other country in a different WHO region in addition to the criteria defined in Phase 5.
This indicates global pandemic

Question 19

true or false:
sporadic disease is new

Answer 19

false

it is not new and occurs infrequently in a population

Question 20

what is the difference between sporadic and endemic

Answer 20

rate of spread

Question 21

true or false:
a typical host is also susceptible to non-infectious and chronic diseases

Answer 21

true

Question 22

what is a demographic

Answer 22

personal characteristics of an individual or group

Question 23

what is a case

Answer 23

individuals with a particular disease that meet selected criteria state by the case definition

Question 24

what are causal factors or determinants

Answer 24

a factor that directly influences the occurrence of disease

Question 25

what is defined as the encounter of a potentially pathogenic agent with a susceptible human/ animal host and the host shows an immunologic response to infection

Answer 25

infection

Question 26

what is defined as a clinically apparent infection accompanied by overt illness

Answer 26

disease