Concepts Flashcards
what is a population?
totality of individuals that share common attributes
what is the main goal of epidemiology
research to inform policy to prevent disease
what are concepts of epidemiology
endemic
pandemic
what can veterinarians do in means of epidemiology
surveillance and disease reporting
evaluation and screen tests of animals
vaccine and new drug developement
what population data is necessary for the practice of medicine
diagnosis
prevention
treatment
prognosis
what is based on descriptive studies that have identified
1. demographics
2. success of current programs
prevention
what has several clinical trials have evaluated effective treatment protocols for a number of diseases
treatment
what are the tools of epidemiologic approach
epidemiologic studies
surveillance
planning
what are the steps of the epidemiologic process
ID risk of factors
determination of frequency in populations
strategic planning
what is the usual frequency of disease in a population
endemic (enzootic)
when is a disease considered endemic
occurs with predictable regularity in a population
true or false:
endemic diseases can become epidemics
true
perfect host / agent/ environment
when is a disease considered epidemic (epizootic)
often synonymous with the term outbreak and typically used for infectious diseases
what is an epidemic
a disease that is rapidly spread and many individuals acquire disease over a short period
true or false
a single case can be an epidemic for a new disease or one that has not been seen for a very long time
true
what characteristic of a virus is needed to even qualify it for an epidemic/pandemic
high morbidity
high mortality
what categorizes Phase 5 of a pandemic
human to human spread of the virus into at least 2 countries in one WHO region
what categorizes Phase 6 of a pandemic
community level outbreaks in at lease one other country in a different WHO region in addition to the criteria defined in Phase 5.
This indicates global pandemic
true or false:
sporadic disease is new
false
it is not new and occurs infrequently in a population
what is the difference between sporadic and endemic
rate of spread
true or false:
a typical host is also susceptible to non-infectious and chronic diseases
true
what is a demographic
personal characteristics of an individual or group
what is a case
individuals with a particular disease that meet selected criteria state by the case definition
what are causal factors or determinants
a factor that directly influences the occurrence of disease
what is defined as the encounter of a potentially pathogenic agent with a susceptible human/ animal host and the host shows an immunologic response to infection
infection
what is defined as a clinically apparent infection accompanied by overt illness
disease
