concepts

Question 1

what are universal affirmative propositions?

Answer 1

All, every

A

Question 2

what are universal negative propositions?

Answer 2

none

E

Question 3

what are particular affirmative propositions?

Answer 3

some

I

Question 4

what are particular negative propositions?

Answer 4

some not

O

Question 5

what does “A” mean?

Answer 5

universal affirmative

all, every

Question 6

what does “E” mean?

Answer 6

universal negative

none

Question 7

what does “I” mean?

Answer 7

particular affirmative

some

Question 8

what does “O” mean?

Answer 8

particular negative

some not

Question 9

what is figure 1 in categorical syllogisms?

Answer 9

MP
SM
—–
SP

Question 10

what is figure 2 in categorical syllogisms?

Answer 10

PM
SM
—–
SP

Question 11

what is figure 3 in categorical syllogisms?

Answer 11

MP
MS
—–
SP

Question 12

what is figure 4 in categorical syllogisms?

Answer 12

PM
MS
—–
SP

Question 13

what are the rules of the logical square?

Answer 13

• contrary & contradictory relations are mutually exclusive
• contradictory propositions are opposites
• contrary propositions cannot be true at the same time, but can be false, or different at the same time
• subcontrary related statements can both be true, or different, but NOT both be wrong at the same time

Question 14

logical square:
if the universal preposition is true…

Answer 14

the subaltern is true

Question 15

logical square:
if the universal proposition is false…

Answer 15

nothing can be said about the particular proposition

Question 16

logical square:
if the subaltern is false…

Answer 16

the universal proposition is false

Question 17

logical square:
if the particular proposition is true…

Answer 17

nothing can be said about the universal proposition

Question 18

what is a the form of a syllogism?

Answer 18

predicate, subject, middle term

=> predicate = major
=> subject = minor

Question 19

what is a conversion?

Answer 19

switching subject and predicate terms in a categorical proposition

all A are B –> All B are A

Question 20

In a categorical proposition, when completing a CONVERSION, which statements are correct?

Answer 20

• I
• E

Question 21

What is an obversion?

Answer 21

changing the quality and replacing the predicate with term compliment in a categorical proposition

All A are B –> No A are non-B

Question 22

In a categorical proposition, when completing a OBVERSION, which statements are correct?

Answer 22

all statements (A, E, I, O)

Question 23

what is a contraposition?

Answer 23

switching the subject and the predicate term, and replacing each with its term compliment in a categorical proposition

All A are B –> All none-B are none-A

Question 24

In a categorical proposition, when completing a CONTRAPOSITION, which statements are correct?

Answer 24

• A
• O

Question 25

what are valid syllogism diagrams?
FIGURE 1

Answer 25

• AAA
• EAE
• AII
• EIO

Question 26

what are valid syllogism diagrams?

FIGURE 2

Answer 26

• EAE
• AEE
• EIO
• AOO

Question 27

What are valid syllogism diagrams?

FIGURE 3

Answer 27

• IAI
• AII
• OAO
• EIO

Question 28

What are valid syllogism diagrams?

FIGURE 4

Answer 28

• EIO
• AEE
• IAI

Question 29

What are conditionally valid syllogism diagrams?

FIGURE 1

Answer 29

• AAI -> S
• EAO -> S

Question 30

what are conditionally valid syllogism diagrams?

FIGURE 2

Answer 30

• AEO -> S
• EAO -> S

Question 31

what are conditionally valid syllogism diagrams?

FIGURE 3

Answer 31

• AAI -> M
• EAO -> M

Question 32

what is the major premise?

Answer 32

• is the predicate
• the first row in a syllogism

Question 33

what is the minor premise?

Answer 33

• the subject
• the second row in a syllogism