Conception, pregnancy and childbirth

Question 1

Conception

Answer 1

occur when sperm and egg unite

Question 2

sperm’s journey after ejaculation

Answer 2

on average 200 to 400 million sperm are ejaculated
-some simply “fall out” of vagina due to gravity. The others can be killed by vagina PH levels, once they navigate through cervical if make it to cervix.

Question 3

sperms journey if make it to cervix

Answer 3

60-90 minute journey to reach fallopian tube. half of them make a wrong turn, about 2000 that enter correct fallopian tube, only about 1000 that reach the egg itself

Question 4

endometrium

Answer 4

inner lining of the uterus, * can tell how many times a women was pregnant by the scars.

Question 5

how do you increase the chances of conception?

Answer 5

1. basal body temperature- women’s temperature goes slightly below average before ovulation, then increases slightly day after ovulation.
2. LH (luteinizing hormone) in saliva or urine increases just before ovulation. change helps prepare for conception
3. vaginal mucus thins out few days before ovulation
4. optimal body positioning of both partners

Question 6

what is hyaluronidase?

Answer 6

an enzyme from the “winner” sperm causes the zona pellucida to become thinner, enabling entrance and therefore fertilization.

Question 7

cunnilingus

Answer 7

oral sex on a female

Question 8

fellatio

Answer 8

oral sex on a male

Question 9

fertilization

Answer 9

when the genetic material combines 23 chromosomes from mom and dad.

Question 10

Pregnancy

Answer 10

also called “gestation” begins at conception

Question 11

early signs and symptoms of a pregnancy include:

Answer 11

• missing menstrual period
• morning sickness(could be anytime of the day)
• tender breasts
• fatigue
• frequent urination
• ultrasound
• positive test results

Question 12

what is HCG?

Answer 12

‘human chorionic gonadomammotropin’ hormone produced from pregnancy, helps sustain pregnancy, gonads, breasts(milk production)

Question 13

what does amnion do

Answer 13

support structures of pregnancy..

-fluid, placenta, amniotic fluid/sac, umbilical cord

Question 14

what does chorion do

Answer 14

becomes the baby

Question 15

implantation

Answer 15

signals transition in zygote becomes embryo

Question 16

what happens in embryonic cell differentiation?

Answer 16

it occurs rapidly in pregnancy includes the eyes, eyelashes, fingers, fingernails, stomach

Question 17

first trimester of pregnancy:

Answer 17

(about 10 weeks) organs are formed, embryo becomes a fetus, growth continues until fetus becomes viable and beyond( 24-26 weeks)

Question 18

how do they calculate how far along you are in pregnancy

Answer 18

38 weeks is from conception

40 weeks is your last menstrual cycle(LMP)

Question 19

preparing for Labor and delivery what happens

Answer 19

• dropping or ‘lightening’ baby starts to prepare itself from lowering
• Braxton hicks contractions, know how long they last/ and time in b/n contractions
• prostaglandins (originate w/ fetus)
• dislodging of mucus plug, when cervix starts to dilating mucus comes out (water breaks)

Question 20

first stage of labor:

Answer 20

effacement(becomes thinner) and dilation of the cervix (could happen weeks in advance)

• generally little if any pain
• usually lasts approx. 2-24 hrs 1st time in labor usually lasts longer
• uterine contractions
• engagement, transition in baby’s head lowers in birth canal
• starts dilating until 10 cm

Question 21

second stage of labor

Answer 21

• follows transition and full 10cm dilation
• uterine contractions continue
• crowning ‘perineal massage/stretching
• ends with delivery of the infant 2nd stage is delivery!!

Question 22

what is an episiotomy?

Answer 22

reach in cut with angle to allow perineal to stretch

Question 23

third stage of labor:

Answer 23

uterine contractions continue

• detachment–expulsion of placenta. could cause infection if there is still some in uterus(how women used to die in labor)
• uterus begins to diminish in size
• breastfeeding stimulates (helps for bleeding too)

Question 24

monozygotic twins

Answer 24

identical same egg split into two, same placenta, different umbilical cords

Question 25

dizygotic twins

Answer 25

fraternal twins, two different eggs, two different sperm two separate placenta, different amniotic sac, and 2 different umbilical cords