Conception, pregnancy and childbirth Flashcards
Conception
occur when sperm and egg unite
sperm’s journey after ejaculation
on average 200 to 400 million sperm are ejaculated
-some simply “fall out” of vagina due to gravity. The others can be killed by vagina PH levels, once they navigate through cervical if make it to cervix.
sperms journey if make it to cervix
60-90 minute journey to reach fallopian tube. half of them make a wrong turn, about 2000 that enter correct fallopian tube, only about 1000 that reach the egg itself
endometrium
inner lining of the uterus, * can tell how many times a women was pregnant by the scars.
how do you increase the chances of conception?
- basal body temperature- women’s temperature goes slightly below average before ovulation, then increases slightly day after ovulation.
- LH (luteinizing hormone) in saliva or urine increases just before ovulation. change helps prepare for conception
- vaginal mucus thins out few days before ovulation
- optimal body positioning of both partners
what is hyaluronidase?
an enzyme from the “winner” sperm causes the zona pellucida to become thinner, enabling entrance and therefore fertilization.
cunnilingus
oral sex on a female
fellatio
oral sex on a male
fertilization
when the genetic material combines 23 chromosomes from mom and dad.
Pregnancy
also called “gestation” begins at conception
early signs and symptoms of a pregnancy include:
- missing menstrual period
- morning sickness(could be anytime of the day)
- tender breasts
- fatigue
- frequent urination
- ultrasound
- positive test results
what is HCG?
‘human chorionic gonadomammotropin’ hormone produced from pregnancy, helps sustain pregnancy, gonads, breasts(milk production)
what does amnion do
support structures of pregnancy..
-fluid, placenta, amniotic fluid/sac, umbilical cord
what does chorion do
becomes the baby
implantation
signals transition in zygote becomes embryo
what happens in embryonic cell differentiation?
it occurs rapidly in pregnancy includes the eyes, eyelashes, fingers, fingernails, stomach
first trimester of pregnancy:
(about 10 weeks) organs are formed, embryo becomes a fetus, growth continues until fetus becomes viable and beyond( 24-26 weeks)
how do they calculate how far along you are in pregnancy
38 weeks is from conception
40 weeks is your last menstrual cycle(LMP)
preparing for Labor and delivery what happens
- dropping or ‘lightening’ baby starts to prepare itself from lowering
- Braxton hicks contractions, know how long they last/ and time in b/n contractions
- prostaglandins (originate w/ fetus)
- dislodging of mucus plug, when cervix starts to dilating mucus comes out (water breaks)
first stage of labor:
effacement(becomes thinner) and dilation of the cervix (could happen weeks in advance)
- generally little if any pain
- usually lasts approx. 2-24 hrs 1st time in labor usually lasts longer
- uterine contractions
- engagement, transition in baby’s head lowers in birth canal
- starts dilating until 10 cm
second stage of labor
- follows transition and full 10cm dilation
- uterine contractions continue
- crowning ‘perineal massage/stretching
- ends with delivery of the infant 2nd stage is delivery!!
what is an episiotomy?
reach in cut with angle to allow perineal to stretch
third stage of labor:
uterine contractions continue
- detachment–expulsion of placenta. could cause infection if there is still some in uterus(how women used to die in labor)
- uterus begins to diminish in size
- breastfeeding stimulates (helps for bleeding too)
monozygotic twins
identical same egg split into two, same placenta, different umbilical cords
dizygotic twins
fraternal twins, two different eggs, two different sperm two separate placenta, different amniotic sac, and 2 different umbilical cords
