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Exam 4 (Spring) > Conception > Flashcards

Conception Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things affect survival rate of X and Y sperm?

A

pH of the female reproductive tract

Estrogen levels

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2
Q

What is a cell formed by the union of sperm and ovum?

A

Zygote

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3
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

1/3 of the fallopian tube

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4
Q

Mitosis:

A

Produces 2 daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell

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5
Q

Meiosis

A

Produces daughter cells that have 1/2 the # of chromosomes as the parent cell

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6
Q

Where does implantation occur?

A

Upper section of the posterior uterine wall

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7
Q

What is the prepared lining that the cells burrow into in?

A

Endometrium

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8
Q

The endometrium is called what after the cells burrow into it?

A

Decidua

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9
Q

Name for the outer layer of embryonic cells?

A

Trophoblast

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10
Q

When the zygote divides into 16 cells that is shaped like a ball it is called a:

A

Morula

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11
Q

When does the morula enter the uterus?

A

3rd day

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12
Q

Trophoblast:

A

Outermost layer of cells of the blastocyst
Attaches the fertilized ovum to the uterine wall
Serves as nutritive pathway for embryo

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13
Q

Amnion:

A

The 2nd membane

Thin structure that envelops and protects embryo

Forms boundary of amniotic cavity

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14
Q

Chorion develops from:

A

trophpblast

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15
Q

What envelops the amnion, embryo, and yolk sac?

A

Chromion

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16
Q

The chorion contains a thick membrane with what on the outermost surface?

A

Villi

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17
Q

The villi from chorion extend into decidua basalis to form what?

A

the embryonic portion of the placenta

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18
Q

Ectoderm:

A 
Outer layer of skin 
Oil glands and hair follicles of skin 
Nails and hair
External sense organs 
Mucous membranes of mouth and anus
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19
Q

The blastocyst transforms the embryonic disc into what 3 primary germ layers?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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20
Q

What is the embryonic disc?

A

Floor of the blastocyst

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21
Q

Endoderm:

A

Lining of:

  • Trachea
  • Pharynx
  • Bronchi
  • Digestive tract
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
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22
Q

Mesoderm:

A 
True skin 
Skeleton 
Bone and cartilage 
Connective tissue 
Muscles 
Blood and blood vessels 
Kidneys and gonads
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23
Q

What extends from the blastocyst and embeds in the endometrium, now called the decidua?

A

Primary villi

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24
Q

Primary villi nourish the embryo for how long?

A

2 weeks to 7-8 weeks

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25
What 2 things does primary villi synthesize and for how long?
Protein and glucose 12 weeks
26
Chronic villi start to grow when and secrete what?
First weeks HCG
27
What does chronic villi become?
Fetal portion of the placenta
28
2 umbilical arteries take deoxygenated blood:
from the fetus to the placenta
29
1 umbilical vein delivers oxygenated blood from
placenta to the fetus
30
Amniotic fluid volume @ 10 weeks?
30 mL
31
Amniotic fluid volume @ 37 weeks?
1000 mL
32
5 functions of amniotic fluid?
``` Maintain temperature Prevent fetus from adhering to sac Allows for symmetrical growth Protective cushion Space for embryo to move ```
33
Wharton's jelly:
Pale, white, gelatinous tissue making up the umbilical cord
34
Blighted ovum
Fertilized egg attaches to uterine wall, but embryo fails to develop High level of chromosome abnormality causes miscarriage Early in 1st trimester
35
4 placental hormones
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Progesterone Estrogen Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
36
What transfers nutrients and oxygen by diffusion during pregnancy?
Placenta
37
Function of the human placental lactogen hormone?
Decreased insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by mother Means more glucose is available to the fetus
38
Mesoderm:
``` True skin Skeleton Bone and cartilage Connective tissue Muscles Blood and blood vessels Kidneys and gonads ```
39
What extends from the blastocyst and embeds in the endometrium, now called the decidua?
Primary villi
40
Primary villi nourish the embryo for how long?
2 weeks to 7-8 weeks
41
What 2 things does primary villi synthesize and for how long?
Protein and glucose 12 weeks
42
Chronic villi start to grow when and secrete what?
First weeks HCG
43
What does chronic villi become?
Fetal portion of the placenta
44
2 umbilical arteries take deoxygenated blood:
from the fetus to the placenta
45
Hormone that stimulates uterine growth:
Estrogen
46
Amniotic fluid volume @ 10 weeks?
30 mL
47
Amniotic fluid volume @ 37 weeks?
1000 mL
48
5 functions of amniotic fluid?
``` Maintain temperature Prevent fetus from adhering to sac Allows for symmetrical growth Protective cushion Space for embryo to move ```
49
Wharton's jelly:
Pale, white, gelatinous tissue making up the umbilical cord
50
Blighted ovum
Fertilized egg attaches to uterine wall, but embryo fails to develop High level of chromosome abnormality causes miscarriage Early in 1st trimester
51
4 placental hormones
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Progesterone Estrogen Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
52
What transfers nutrients and oxygen by diffusion during pregnancy?
Placenta
53
Function of the human placental lactogen hormone?
Decreased insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by mother Means more glucose is available to the fetus
54
Which hormone sends a signal to the corpus luteum telling the placenta that conception has occurred?
HCG
55
HCG causes the corpus luteum to secrete:
estrogen and progesterone
56
HCG is detectable after how many days?
7-9 days after fertilization
57
Embryonic stem cells are harvested from where? | How many days after fertilization?
Harvested from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst 7-10 days after fertilization
58
Fetal stem cells are taken from where?
Germline tissues that will make up the gonads of aborted fetuses
59
Umbilical cord stem cells contain stem cells similar to those found in what?
Bone marrow
60
Hormone that maintains uterine lining:
Progesterone
61
Hormone that stimulates uterine growth:
Estrogen
62
Hormone that reduces uterine contractions to prevent spontaneous abortion:
Progesterone
63
Hormone that prepares breasts for lactation:
Progesterone
64
Hormone that increases blood flow to uterine vessels:
Estrogen
65
Hormone that stimulates development of breast ducts:
Estrogen
66
Hormone that stimulates testes to produce testosterone:
Progesterone
67
Estrogen secondarily helps with: (3)
Increases skin pigmentation Vascular changes in skin mucous membranes (nose and mouth) Increases salivation

Exam 4 (Spring) (12 decks)

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