Conception Flashcards
What 2 things affect survival rate of X and Y sperm?
pH of the female reproductive tract
Estrogen levels
What is a cell formed by the union of sperm and ovum?
Zygote
Where does fertilization occur?
1/3 of the fallopian tube
Mitosis:
Produces 2 daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
Meiosis
Produces daughter cells that have 1/2 the # of chromosomes as the parent cell
Where does implantation occur?
Upper section of the posterior uterine wall
What is the prepared lining that the cells burrow into in?
Endometrium
The endometrium is called what after the cells burrow into it?
Decidua
Name for the outer layer of embryonic cells?
Trophoblast
When the zygote divides into 16 cells that is shaped like a ball it is called a:
Morula
When does the morula enter the uterus?
3rd day
Trophoblast:
Outermost layer of cells of the blastocyst
Attaches the fertilized ovum to the uterine wall
Serves as nutritive pathway for embryo
Amnion:
The 2nd membane
Thin structure that envelops and protects embryo
Forms boundary of amniotic cavity
Chorion develops from:
trophpblast
What envelops the amnion, embryo, and yolk sac?
Chromion
The chorion contains a thick membrane with what on the outermost surface?
Villi
The villi from chorion extend into decidua basalis to form what?
the embryonic portion of the placenta
Ectoderm:
Outer layer of skin Oil glands and hair follicles of skin Nails and hair External sense organs Mucous membranes of mouth and anus
The blastocyst transforms the embryonic disc into what 3 primary germ layers?
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
What is the embryonic disc?
Floor of the blastocyst
Endoderm:
Lining of:
- Trachea
- Pharynx
- Bronchi
- Digestive tract
- Bladder
- Urethra
Mesoderm:
True skin Skeleton Bone and cartilage Connective tissue Muscles Blood and blood vessels Kidneys and gonads
What extends from the blastocyst and embeds in the endometrium, now called the decidua?
Primary villi
Primary villi nourish the embryo for how long?
2 weeks to 7-8 weeks
What 2 things does primary villi synthesize and for how long?
Protein and glucose
12 weeks
Chronic villi start to grow when and secrete what?
First weeks
HCG
What does chronic villi become?
Fetal portion of the placenta
2 umbilical arteries take deoxygenated blood:
from the fetus to the placenta
1 umbilical vein delivers oxygenated blood from
placenta to the fetus
Amniotic fluid volume @ 10 weeks?
30 mL
Amniotic fluid volume @ 37 weeks?
1000 mL
5 functions of amniotic fluid?
Maintain temperature Prevent fetus from adhering to sac Allows for symmetrical growth Protective cushion Space for embryo to move
Wharton’s jelly:
Pale, white, gelatinous tissue making up the umbilical cord
Blighted ovum
Fertilized egg attaches to uterine wall, but embryo fails to develop
High level of chromosome abnormality causes miscarriage
Early in 1st trimester
4 placental hormones
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Progesterone
Estrogen
Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
What transfers nutrients and oxygen by diffusion during pregnancy?
Placenta
Function of the human placental lactogen hormone?
Decreased insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by mother
Means more glucose is available to the fetus
Mesoderm:
True skin Skeleton Bone and cartilage Connective tissue Muscles Blood and blood vessels Kidneys and gonads
What extends from the blastocyst and embeds in the endometrium, now called the decidua?
Primary villi
Primary villi nourish the embryo for how long?
2 weeks to 7-8 weeks
What 2 things does primary villi synthesize and for how long?
Protein and glucose
12 weeks
Chronic villi start to grow when and secrete what?
First weeks
HCG
What does chronic villi become?
Fetal portion of the placenta
2 umbilical arteries take deoxygenated blood:
from the fetus to the placenta
Hormone that stimulates uterine growth:
Estrogen
Amniotic fluid volume @ 10 weeks?
30 mL
Amniotic fluid volume @ 37 weeks?
1000 mL
5 functions of amniotic fluid?
Maintain temperature Prevent fetus from adhering to sac Allows for symmetrical growth Protective cushion Space for embryo to move
Wharton’s jelly:
Pale, white, gelatinous tissue making up the umbilical cord
Blighted ovum
Fertilized egg attaches to uterine wall, but embryo fails to develop
High level of chromosome abnormality causes miscarriage
Early in 1st trimester
4 placental hormones
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Progesterone
Estrogen
Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
What transfers nutrients and oxygen by diffusion during pregnancy?
Placenta
Function of the human placental lactogen hormone?
Decreased insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by mother
Means more glucose is available to the fetus
Which hormone sends a signal to the corpus luteum telling the placenta that conception has occurred?
HCG
HCG causes the corpus luteum to secrete:
estrogen and progesterone
HCG is detectable after how many days?
7-9 days after fertilization
Embryonic stem cells are harvested from where?
How many days after fertilization?
Harvested from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst
7-10 days after fertilization
Fetal stem cells are taken from where?
Germline tissues that will make up the gonads of aborted fetuses
Umbilical cord stem cells contain stem cells similar to those found in what?
Bone marrow
Hormone that maintains uterine lining:
Progesterone
Hormone that stimulates uterine growth:
Estrogen
Hormone that reduces uterine contractions to prevent spontaneous abortion:
Progesterone
Hormone that prepares breasts for lactation:
Progesterone
Hormone that increases blood flow to uterine vessels:
Estrogen
Hormone that stimulates development of breast ducts:
Estrogen
Hormone that stimulates testes to produce testosterone:
Progesterone
Estrogen secondarily helps with: (3)
Increases skin pigmentation
Vascular changes in skin mucous membranes (nose and mouth)
Increases salivation
