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Exam 4 (Spring) > Conception > Flashcards

Conception Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things affect survival rate of X and Y sperm?

A

pH of the female reproductive tract

Estrogen levels

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2
Q

What is a cell formed by the union of sperm and ovum?

A

Zygote

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3
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

1/3 of the fallopian tube

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4
Q

Mitosis:

A

Produces 2 daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell

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5
Q

Meiosis

A

Produces daughter cells that have 1/2 the # of chromosomes as the parent cell

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6
Q

Where does implantation occur?

A

Upper section of the posterior uterine wall

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7
Q

What is the prepared lining that the cells burrow into in?

A

Endometrium

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8
Q

The endometrium is called what after the cells burrow into it?

A

Decidua

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9
Q

Name for the outer layer of embryonic cells?

A

Trophoblast

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10
Q

When the zygote divides into 16 cells that is shaped like a ball it is called a:

A

Morula

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11
Q

When does the morula enter the uterus?

A

3rd day

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12
Q

Trophoblast:

A

Outermost layer of cells of the blastocyst
Attaches the fertilized ovum to the uterine wall
Serves as nutritive pathway for embryo

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13
Q

Amnion:

A

The 2nd membane

Thin structure that envelops and protects embryo

Forms boundary of amniotic cavity

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14
Q

Chorion develops from:

A

trophpblast

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15
Q

What envelops the amnion, embryo, and yolk sac?

A

Chromion

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16
Q

The chorion contains a thick membrane with what on the outermost surface?

A

Villi

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17
Q

The villi from chorion extend into decidua basalis to form what?

A

the embryonic portion of the placenta

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18
Q

Ectoderm:

A 
Outer layer of skin 
Oil glands and hair follicles of skin 
Nails and hair
External sense organs 
Mucous membranes of mouth and anus
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19
Q

The blastocyst transforms the embryonic disc into what 3 primary germ layers?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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20
Q

What is the embryonic disc?

A

Floor of the blastocyst

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21
Q

Endoderm:

A

Lining of:

  • Trachea
  • Pharynx
  • Bronchi
  • Digestive tract
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
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22
Q

Mesoderm:

A 
True skin 
Skeleton 
Bone and cartilage 
Connective tissue 
Muscles 
Blood and blood vessels 
Kidneys and gonads
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23
Q

What extends from the blastocyst and embeds in the endometrium, now called the decidua?

A

Primary villi

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24
Q

Primary villi nourish the embryo for how long?

A

2 weeks to 7-8 weeks

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25
Q

What 2 things does primary villi synthesize and for how long?

A

Protein and glucose

12 weeks

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26
Q

Chronic villi start to grow when and secrete what?

A

First weeks

HCG

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27
Q

What does chronic villi become?

A

Fetal portion of the placenta

28
Q

2 umbilical arteries take deoxygenated blood:

A

from the fetus to the placenta

29
Q

1 umbilical vein delivers oxygenated blood from

A

placenta to the fetus

30
Q

Amniotic fluid volume @ 10 weeks?

A

30 mL

31
Q

Amniotic fluid volume @ 37 weeks?

A

1000 mL

32
Q

5 functions of amniotic fluid?

A 
Maintain temperature 
Prevent fetus from adhering to sac 
Allows for symmetrical growth 
Protective cushion 
Space for embryo to move
33
Q

Wharton’s jelly:

A

Pale, white, gelatinous tissue making up the umbilical cord

34
Q

Blighted ovum

A

Fertilized egg attaches to uterine wall, but embryo fails to develop

High level of chromosome abnormality causes miscarriage

Early in 1st trimester

35
Q

4 placental hormones

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Progesterone
Estrogen
Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)

36
Q

What transfers nutrients and oxygen by diffusion during pregnancy?

A

Placenta

37
Q

Function of the human placental lactogen hormone?

A

Decreased insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by mother

Means more glucose is available to the fetus

38
Q

Mesoderm:

A 
True skin 
Skeleton 
Bone and cartilage 
Connective tissue 
Muscles 
Blood and blood vessels 
Kidneys and gonads
39
Q

What extends from the blastocyst and embeds in the endometrium, now called the decidua?

A

Primary villi

40
Q

Primary villi nourish the embryo for how long?

A

2 weeks to 7-8 weeks

41
Q

What 2 things does primary villi synthesize and for how long?

A

Protein and glucose

12 weeks

42
Q

Chronic villi start to grow when and secrete what?

A

First weeks

HCG

43
Q

What does chronic villi become?

A

Fetal portion of the placenta

44
Q

2 umbilical arteries take deoxygenated blood:

A

from the fetus to the placenta

45
Q

Hormone that stimulates uterine growth:

A

Estrogen

46
Q

Amniotic fluid volume @ 10 weeks?

A

30 mL

47
Q

Amniotic fluid volume @ 37 weeks?

A

1000 mL

48
Q

5 functions of amniotic fluid?

A 
Maintain temperature 
Prevent fetus from adhering to sac 
Allows for symmetrical growth 
Protective cushion 
Space for embryo to move
49
Q

Wharton’s jelly:

A

Pale, white, gelatinous tissue making up the umbilical cord

50
Q

Blighted ovum

A

Fertilized egg attaches to uterine wall, but embryo fails to develop

High level of chromosome abnormality causes miscarriage

Early in 1st trimester

51
Q

4 placental hormones

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Progesterone
Estrogen
Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)

52
Q

What transfers nutrients and oxygen by diffusion during pregnancy?

A

Placenta

53
Q

Function of the human placental lactogen hormone?

A

Decreased insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by mother

Means more glucose is available to the fetus

54
Q

Which hormone sends a signal to the corpus luteum telling the placenta that conception has occurred?

A

HCG

55
Q

HCG causes the corpus luteum to secrete:

A

estrogen and progesterone

56
Q

HCG is detectable after how many days?

A

7-9 days after fertilization

57
Q

Embryonic stem cells are harvested from where?

How many days after fertilization?

A

Harvested from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst

7-10 days after fertilization

58
Q

Fetal stem cells are taken from where?

A

Germline tissues that will make up the gonads of aborted fetuses

59
Q

Umbilical cord stem cells contain stem cells similar to those found in what?

A

Bone marrow

60
Q

Hormone that maintains uterine lining:

A

Progesterone

61
Q

Hormone that stimulates uterine growth:

A

Estrogen

62
Q

Hormone that reduces uterine contractions to prevent spontaneous abortion:

A

Progesterone

63
Q

Hormone that prepares breasts for lactation:

A

Progesterone

64
Q

Hormone that increases blood flow to uterine vessels:

A

Estrogen

65
Q

Hormone that stimulates development of breast ducts:

A

Estrogen

66
Q

Hormone that stimulates testes to produce testosterone:

A

Progesterone

67
Q

Estrogen secondarily helps with: (3)

A

Increases skin pigmentation
Vascular changes in skin mucous membranes (nose and mouth)
Increases salivation

Exam 4 (Spring) (12 decks)

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