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Stress and the Brain > Concept of Stress > Flashcards

Concept of Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Define Stress

A

Stress is physical, mental, emotional, and biological.

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2
Q

What is the MInd Body Problem?

A

How does the mind interact with the body? Are the mind and the body the same thing?

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3
Q

What are the two approaches to the Mind-Body Problem

A

Dualism and Monism.

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4
Q

Dualism

A

Mind and body are different things
Physical stuff is different from mental stuff
Mind is similar to the idea of a spirit

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5
Q

Monism

A

Mind and body are the same thing
Mind is a by-product of active bodies

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6
Q

What is the problem with the dualistic point of view?

A

There is difficulty in explaining how minds interact to make bodies active.

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7
Q

What is the problem with a monistic point of view?

A

It suggests that minds don’t really exist and they are illusions.

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8
Q

Who was Renee Descartes?

A

He was an influential philosopher and mathematician. “I think therefore I am”

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9
Q

What did Descartes believe?

A

He believed in the dualistic approach that mind and body were separate. The body was like a machine and the mind was a spirit that controlled the body from within. “The Ghost in the Machine”

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10
Q

What is the “Vital Spirit”

A

Eyes are like lenses, skeleton and muscles like levers and pulleys. The vital spirit watched through the eyes and controlled the machine.

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11
Q

Where does the “Vital Spirit” stay, according to Descartes?

A

The pineal gland.

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12
Q

What did descartes influcene?

A

He influenced the Standard Biomedical Model.

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13
Q

What is the first limitations of the Standard Biomedical Model?

A

Linear, one-way causation. The pathogen causes the disease in the host and ignores possible interaction or reversed causation.

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14
Q

What is the second limitations of the Standard Biomedical Model?

A

Physiological only. Diseases are due to physiological insults. Treatment changes physiology. Ignores psychological effects.

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15
Q

What is the third limitation of the Standard Biomedical Model?

A

The traditional view is dualistic. The body is treated as separate from the mind. Ignores the potential actions of the mind. Emotions, and beliefs are irrelevant.

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16
Q

What is Vitalism?

A

The belief that living things are fundamentally different than non-living things. Life contains a “vital spirit”(elan vital). This spirit could not be studied.

17
Q

Who is Claude Bernard?

A

He believed that living things could be studied like mechanical objects. Just like complex machines could be understood by studying their simpler parts.

18
Q

What must living things do if they want to stay alive?

A

Living things must respond to changes in the external environment.

19
Q

Who is Walter Canon?

A

He is the first professor of physiology at Harvard. Studied the brain’s ability to regulate the body. Early understanding of the autonomic nervous system.

20
Q

What term did Walter Canon Coin?

A

Homeostasis

21
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

ability of an organism to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes.

22
Q

Define Stress

A

Demands placed on the body and the bodies response to those demands.

23
Q

What did Hanns Seyle Study?

A

Studied stress responses in animals. Exposed animals to various stressors such as heat, cold, and illnesses.

24
Q

What were the consistent results that Seyle observed regardless of the stress type?

A

Enlarged adrenal glands
decreased thymus glands and other immune organs
Gastrointestinal ulcers

25
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

The generalized response to all forms of stress

26
Q

What does stress response combine?

A

Stress responses combine generalized adaption with specific behavioral responses.

27
Q

What is the first stage of Stress Adaptation?

A

Alarm Reaction. Register the stressor and begin to mount a response.

28
Q

What is the second stage of Stress Adaptation?

A

Resistance Reaction. Able to compensate for the stress, can maintain changes required to respond, until resources needed run out.

29
Q

What is the third stage of Stress Adaptation?

A

Exhaustion Stage. No longer able to overcome the stress. May lead to death if stress continues.

30
Q

What is Allostatis?

A

It is the attempt to maintain homeostasis under prolonged stress.

31
Q

What is Allostatic Load?

A

It is the damage caused by allostatis. The “wear and tear” on the body results from adapting to prolonged or repeated stress.

32
Q

What are some examples of Placebo effect?

A

pain reduction comparable to opioids
treatment of depression comparable to anti-depressants
Reduced tremors in Parkinson’s Disease

33
Q

Can Placebo Affects be condition?

A

Yes, through classical conditioning.

34
Q

Can placebo effects work even when people know it is?

A

Yes

35
Q

What is Behavioral Medicine?

A

Studies how neurological, psychological, social, and cultural influences impact individual health.

36
Q
A

Stress and the Brain (6 decks)

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