Concept of Revelation Flashcards
What are types of revelation without an intermediary?
- Dreams 2. Speak directly with God
What are types of revelation with an intermediary?
- Angel Gabriel 2. Ringing of the bell
What are inspirations of revelation?
- Dreams 2. Angel would whisper in ear 3. Angel Gabriel would come in the form of a man 4. Ringing of bell 5. Seeing angle in original form 6. Speak to God directly
What was the way the Quran was revealed?
- Ringing of bell 2. Seeing angel in original form 3. Through God
What is gradual revelation?
Revelation starting on the Night of Decree during Ramadan: Sent down to the lowest heaven to Gabriel than Muhammad over 23 years
What are the reasons for knowing when/where the verses were revealed?
- Which verse comes first 2. Context
Mecca vs. Medina Verses?
- Before migration: Mecca/ after migration: Medina 2. Location: In Mecca: Mecca verse/ In Medina: Medina verse 3. Address of verse: meant for Quraysh tribe: Mecca verse/ meant for skeptics: Medina
What are the themes of the Mecca verses?
- Pillars of Faith 2. Call to monotheism 3. Call to morality 4. Stories of previous nations
What are the themes of the Medina verses?
- Rituals 2. Laws 3. Jews, Christians, hyrpocrite verses `
What were the causes of revelation?
- Verses without particular reasons or incident 2. Response to question or incident
How to determine which narration is reason or cause for revelation?
- Take the stronger or more authentic one 2. Take the clear one or combine them 3. No difference- verse was reveled more than once for different situations
What are the different types of verses?
- clear/ambigious 2. general/ specific 3. absolute/ qualified 4. abrogating/ abrogated
What are clear verses vs ambiguous verses?
- Clear: do not need further texts to interpret them (could be interpreted in more than one way) 2. Ambiguous: need other texts to interpret them (could be interpreted in more than one way); ambiguous verses must be interpreted in light of clear verses
What are general and specific verses?
- General: applies to all members of a particular sect 2. Specific: limited number of things– excludes particulars from the general text
What are three types of general texts?
- Unspecified 2. General in wording but specific in meaning 3. General texts that have been specified by another text or verses later in the Quran
What are absolute and qualified texts?
- Absolute: free from certain attribute (anyone or anything) 2. Qualified: will add an attribute to an absolute verse and limits will be set based on a set perimeter that needs to be fulfilled
What are abrogating and abrogated texts?
Abrogation: when a later verse comes and cancel a former text
What are the conditions of abrogation?
- Rulings in question must contradict one another 2. abrogating verse must be reveled after the abrogated verse 3. Abrogating and abrogated texts must be in the Quran and Hadeeth
What is being abrogated?
- Ruling still there but text is not 2. Both are lifted 3. text is still there but ruling is not
What are the benefits of abrogation?
- Gradual change: not quitting something cold turkey