Concept of addiction Flashcards
This is the psychological/physiological need for a substance or process, where an individual will risk negative consequences in attempt to meet their needs.
Addiction
Some substances a person may become addicted to are…
- -Alcohol
- -tobacco
- -caffeine
- -prescription meds (narcotics, sedatives, stimulants)
- -marijuana
- -cocaine
- -heroin
- -hallucinogens
- -inhalants (huffing hairspray)
some processes a person may become addicted to are…
- -gambling
- -working
- -shopping, spending/indebtedness
- -porn, sex
- -eating disorders
Dependence is the physiological need for a substance in which the client cannot control themselves. Without it the client will have ____ symptoms.
Withdrawal
Genetics is a Rf for addiction, it can be linked to the ____ system in the brain.
Dopaminergic
the biological factor with addiction can be linked to reduced ____ and ____, which can lead to a risk of developing an addiction such as _____.
- -Dopamine and serotonin
- -alcoholism
dopamine regulates…
- -movement
- -emotions
- -motivation
- -pleasure
If a patient had taken heroin or cocaine this drug mimics endorphins so it would block the uptake of ____, _____, _____.
- -dopamine
- -serotonin
- -norepinephrine
For the psychological factor of addiction, psychoanalyst view the fixation at what stage of development?
oral
Behavior therapist believe addiction is a
learned maladaptive behavior
The family system theory believes addiction begins with…
dysfunctional family relationships
What two ethnic backgrounds show an increased percentage of people with alcohol use disorder?
Alaska natives
native Americans
what ethnic background has the least occurrence of alcohol use disorders?
Asians
Older adults may develop an addiction later in life due to life events such as…
- -loss of loved one
- -stress
- -retirement
- -social isolation
The risk factor trauma can be linked to..
- -childhood trauma (physical, mental, sexual)
- -abuse
- -combat (PTSD)
Adolescents are at risk for addictions starting at the time of _____.
Puberty
older adults are usually misdiagnosed because they can mimic other disorders such as…
- -diabetes
- -dementia
- -depression
Substance abusers can have trouble at home, increasing family problems/stress because of
The secrecy and shame of abuser (they push people away to hide the addiction)
When a family see’s their loved one become addicted to something they tend to become…
enablers
- Parental substance abuser with put a strain on family life because they will start to…
- This causes children to be forced to…
- children may carry this into ___ because it will be their norm.
- -neglect responsibilities
- -take parental role
- -adulthood
the addict will become so preoccupied with obtaining their fix that boundaries become…
rigid and inflexible (may pawn valuables)
diagnostic tests for addictions are:
- -serum drug levels
- -tox screen
- -CXR (inhaled substances)
- -Urine, saliva
- -hair testing (if substance used within 90 days)
- -organ biopsy
The nurse must develop ___ with the client!
TRUST
During the assessment the client may feel…
- -shame
- -embarrassment
- -denial
- -fear of legal reprisal
During the physical assessment the pt. may have _______ on their body. This can be a sign of suicide (cutting).
Unexplained lacerations
Narcotics can cause symptoms such as…
- -slurred speech
- -hallucinations
- -pupillary changes
- -reduced RR
- -reduced LOC
Be on alert for abnormal symptoms of narcotic use such as…
- -weird behavior
- -violent
- -how they act toward nurse
the goal of a patient with an addiction is…
Treatment and recovery
The state of voluntary sobriety that requires COMMITMENT is called…
Recovery
The patient may be good at hiding their addiction and avoiding the discussion so they will display poor…
communication skills
The nurse must remember not to talk around the client or about the client to the family. The patient is the …
center of all communication
This type of therapy is when family/loved ones get together, in a safe space, that is conducted by a professional to confront the client…
Intervention
During an intervention the family will demonstrate the impact the addiction has had. They can do things such as…
–role play
The desired result of an intervention is for the addict to be…
motivated to seek help
Life changes such as marriage or retirement may evoke what type of crisis?
Maturational crisis (natural process of development)
Unexpected life changes such as the loss of a spouse/child, car accident can result in what type of crisis?
Situational crisis
What is usually the cause of an addict experiencing a crisis?
poor life management skills
When an addict is experiencing a crisis they are more likely to get help before, during, or after the crisis?
during
This type of therapy is when techniques are learned to modify/change addictive behavior.
Behavior therapy
If a client presented to the clinic addicted to smoking, we would want the client to recognize the pattern, then change it. If a client eats a large lunch and needs a cigarette the nurse can advise them to do what instead?
chew gum
What are three types of behavior therapy?
- -positive reinforcement (most desirable)
- -punishment
- -extinction
a contingency contract is signed by the client stating they will abide by certain rules. the key terms used in a contingency contract are…
“if”…………“then”
This method used in behavior therapy is used when the expected behavior is identified, the reward is specified, and rules are established for redeeming these rewards..
Token economies
What type of therapy is used when an environment is created to support behavior change, teach new coping measures, and help client get to an addiction free life?
Milieu Therapy
The client can participate in group, or social activities but the nurse must remember the client has the right to..
participate or not
An informal environment of professional relationship consists of…
- -clear communication
- -safe environment
- -activity schedule
- -support network
What type of therapy aided by a professional therapist includes participation from the client and group members to help each other through change?
Group therapy
What are the two concepts of group therapy?
- -social microcosm
- -Here and now concept
What is social microcosm?
A clients problematic relationships in their personal life will characterize the relationships they form with group members.
What does the Here and now concept entail?
The issues that emerge become the main focus
Group therapy is effective with all ages especially….
children and adolescents
What type of therapy focuses on the family as a unit and focuses on the dynamics?
Family therapy
the goal of family therapy is…
- -Teach better parenting/nurturing skills
- -improve communication
- -establish boundaries (kids should not be parents)
This type of program uses guided principles to outline a course of action for recovery from addiction.
12 step program
The only requirement of the 12 step program is the…
sincere desire to change
If a patient enters the facility with a drug issue, the nurse will treat/prevent symptoms of withdrawal with…
- -Librium
- -methadone
the best way to prevent an addiction is to…
EDUCATE!
Their are certain types of programs to help a person recovering from an addiction. Examples are…
- -AA (alcoholics anonymous)
- -treatment homes (drug addiction)
The nurse needs to practice self awareness when dealing with addictive behaviors and mental disorders. The nurse must…
- -examine ones own beliefs
- -be aware of own issues (maybe the nurse had an alcoholic father)
- -substance abuse is chronic with relapses and remissions (may see that pt. again)
- -remain objective
- -be optimistic (helps them reach their goal)
This substance in the brain is linked to causing changes in cognition when it is low (reduced memory, judgement, reaction times, cognitive ability)
Reduced B1 (thiamine)
With cognition the nurse will assess for…
The nurse will provide….
treat with….
- -Wernicke encephalopathy (linked to alcohol misuse), korsakoff psychosis (late complication of Wernicke)
- -safety
- -thiamine therapy
A patient who is an addict is at risk for infection. The nurse should assess for conditions such as…
- -Hep C
- -bacterial pneumonia
- -endocarditis
- -TB
- -Skin infections (at injection site)
- -HIV/AIDS
- Addicts have high risk taking behaviors that leads to increased risk for injury, violence, HIV. The nurse should assess for…
- The nurse will educate about…
- and anticipate…
- -risky behaviors (DUI, unprotected sex, sharing needles)
- -safety
- -denial, family enabling
- An addiction to nicotine can be through forms of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or chewing tobacco. Meds to help a patient quit are…
- Non-pharm therapy would be….
- -Bupropion (zyban)
- -Varenicline tartrate (chantix)
- -nicotine gum, spray, or patch
- -behavioral therapy
Chronic use of alcohol can lead to addiction, resulting in delirium tremens (DT’s) if alcohol not consumed. Pharm and non-pharm tx.’s would be…
- -Disulfiram (antabuse)
- -behavioral, milieu, family therapy
- -support group
- -12 step program (AA)
- -detox
Substance addiction may include the use of heroin, cocaine, marijuana, crack, narcotics, barbiturates, inhalants. Tx. includes…
–Behavior, milieu, family therapy
–support groups
–12 step program (NA)
–Detox
–Removal of peers providing substances
(pharm therapy may be needed to minimize withdrawals)
Process addictions are associated with compulsive behaviors to reduce anxiety (sex, gambling, shopping, work). Tx. will include:
- -Psychotherapy, behavior, milieu, family therapy
- -Support groups
- -12 step program (GA)
A person with an addiction will neglect…
responsibilities
What is it called when a person has withdrawal symptoms when they cannot get the substance, and they cant control the need; (the patient starts to develop a psychologic tolerance to the substance)?
Dependence
During a physical assessment of the patient the nurse may notice the patient is/has…
- -malnourished
- -dental problems
- -HTN
- -high HR
- -cracks
- -tremors
- -dilated pupils
- -lacerations/scabs
- -bruises
- -self inflicted wounds
when a patient is addicted to substances some members of their family/friends may try to sneak things in… The nurse should…
inspect their room
