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Exam 4 > Anxiety/Anxiety disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety/Anxiety disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common type of psychiatric disorder in the U.S.

A

Anxiety

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2
Q

Mild anxiety will present with manifestations of..

A
  • -needing special attention
  • -increased motivation
  • -increased sensory stimulation
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3
Q

Moderate anxiety will present with what clinical manifestations?

A
  • -agitation
  • -cant concentrate
  • -can be redirected
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4
Q

Severe anxiety will present with manifestations of…

A
  • -trouble thinking/reasoning
  • -tight muscles
  • -increased VS
  • -restless
  • -irritable
  • -angry
  • -panic “fight, flight or freeze response”
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5
Q

during the “fight, flight, or freeze response” the patient will have…

A
  • -Increased VS
  • -dilated pupils
  • -focuses on defense
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6
Q

When a patient is experiencing anxiety they will have a vague feeling of…

A

dread/apprehension

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7
Q

Wear and tear of life on the body is called

A

stress

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8
Q

General adaption syndrome is related to the physiological aspect of stress, identified by whom?

A

Selye

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9
Q

This stage is when the body preps for defense

A

Alarm reaction

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10
Q

This stage is when the blood is shunted to areas needed for defense

A

Resistance stage

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11
Q

This stage is when stores are depleted and emotions are unresolved.

A

Exhaustion stage

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12
Q

This neurochemical in the brain blocks or inhibits certain brain signals

A

GABA

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13
Q

This neurochemical is the “happy chemical”

A

Serotonin

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14
Q

This person believed that our defenses are a means to avoid anxiety (don’t want to feel helpless). Who is it?

A

Freud

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15
Q

These two people believe interpersonal interactions decrease/avoid anxiety. Who are they?

A

Sullivan, Peplau

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16
Q

What is the fear of certain places (outdoors, bridges) that is out of proportion with actual threat/danger?

A

Agoraphobia

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17
Q

What is the fear of a specific object/experience (spiders, snakes, strangers, flying, dark, elevators, enclosed spaces)?

A

specific phobia

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18
Q

what is it called when a person cannot perform/speak in front of people? They may even report illness (real/fake) to get out of it.

A

Social phobia

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19
Q

This disorder is due to an uncontrollable, chronic worry that can impair functioning.

A

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

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20
Q

With GAD the chronic worry usually lasting longer than…

A

6 months

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21
Q

What are some manifestation of GAD?

A
  • -Restlessness
  • -muscle tension
  • -avoid stressful activities
  • -procrastinate
  • -seek repeated reassurance
22
Q

what meds are used to treat GAD?

A
  • -Buspirone

- -SSRI’s

23
Q

This type of anxiety is associated with excessive fear/anxiety when separated from someone fearing something may happen to them.

A

Separation Anxiety

24
Q

what are the manifestations of separation anxiety?

A
  • -headaches
  • -N/V
  • -sleep disturbances
25
Q

This disorder is when a person has discrete recurring panic attacks without any stimulus for panic response.

A

–Panic Disorder

26
Q

How long does a panic attack typically last?

How many manifestations will be present during an attack?

A
  • -15-30 min

- -4 or more

27
Q

What are some manifestations of a panic attack?

A
  • -Palpitations
  • -SOB
  • -Smothering/choking sensation
  • -chest pain
  • -chills/hot flashes
28
Q

Secondary panic disorder is due to a result of..

A

illness

29
Q

With primary panic disorder a ___ resolves conflict for the patient.

A

Injury

30
Q

What are pharm and non-pharm tx.’s of Panic disorder?

A
  • -CBT (relaxation, deep breathing)
  • -Benzos (diazepam)- short term
  • -SSRI’s (Sertraline, Paroxetine)- 1st line tx.
  • -Tricyclic antidepressants (Venlafaxine/duloxetine)
  • -Antihypertensives (Propranolol, clonidine)
31
Q

what is scale is used to rate the level/severity of anxiety?

A

Hamilton rating scale

32
Q

What is it called when the pt. has a feeling of being disconnected with own mind/body?

A

depersonalization-derealization

33
Q

when assessing the patients thought process in panic disorder, they may display…

A
  • -disorganized thoughts

- -loss of rational thinking

34
Q

Nursing dx. for panic disorder may include…

A
  • -Role performance ineffective
  • -coping, ineffective
  • -disturbed thought process
35
Q

Interventions for someone with a panic disorder are:

A
  • -Safety (suicide/risk assessment)
  • -provide comfort (calm, quiet env.)
  • -Therapeutic communication (open ended questions, client participation)
  • -Postpone health teachings until acute anxiety subsides
36
Q

what are some RF for anxiety/anxiety disorders?

A
  • -Women (more prevalent)
  • -People < 45 yoa
  • -Adverse effects of meds
  • -alcohol/drug abuse
  • -Acute medical conditions (Hyperthyroidism, PE)
37
Q

What cultural factors play a part in anxiety?

A
  • -Asians (somatic-effect body)(koro-genitals retract and disappear)
  • -Hispanics (susto-fright from trauma “bad air” like a cemetery)
38
Q

A Hispanic displaying susto will have manifestations of..

A
  • -sadness
  • -agitation
  • -lose weight
  • -weakness
  • -HR changes
39
Q

The most common anxiety disorder in older adults is..

A

–GAD

40
Q

Meds that can be given for anxiety are

A

anxiolytics, antidepressants

41
Q

CBT is one method of treatment for anxiety. What is positive reframing?

A

turn negatives into positives

42
Q

What is decatastrophizing?

A

making a more realistic appraisal of situation

43
Q

what is assertiveness training?

A

Negotiate interpersonal situations

44
Q

Anxiety is a warning that someone may not be…

A

dealing with stress effectively

45
Q

What are some tips to managing stress?

A
  • -exercise
  • -eat right
  • -adequate sleep/rest
  • —express feelings (talk, laugh, cry)
  • -set realistic goals
46
Q

when a nursing is working with an anxious person, the nurse should…

A
  • -use short simple sentences
  • -use low, calm, soothing voice
  • -provide safety during attack (don’t leave them)
  • -may give anxiolytic
47
Q

Nurses are just as vulnerable to stress as everyone else. The nurse should avoid trying to…

A

“fix” the patients problem

48
Q

True or false

Anxiety and fear are considered to be two different things.

A

True

49
Q

True or false

The neurotransmitter dopamine is associated with anxiety disorders

A

False

50
Q 
Which of the following would a nurse expect to assess in a patient with a panic disorder?
A. rational thinking
B. Blaming of others
C. Automatisms
D. Organized thoughts
A

C. Automatisms

51
Q

True or False

Phobias result from a past negative experience

A

False

52
Q

what are automatisms?

A

performing actions without conscious thought/intention

Exam 4 (10 decks)

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