Concept 6.8: A cell is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 1

a sticky coat called the ____________________ holds the cells together

Answer 1

extracellular matrix

Question 2

each cell is surrounded by a flexible _____________ with an incredible number of ______,____________, and ____________

Answer 2

plasma membrane, projections, docking stations, and channels

Question 3

girders and cables make up the

Answer 3

cytoskeleton the structural framework of the cell

Question 4

they also serve as tracks for

Answer 4

transporting cargo from one place to another

Question 5

activity in the cell requires energy in the form of

Answer 5

ATP molecules

Question 6

ATP molecules are made in the

Answer 6

mitochondrion

Question 7

the mitochondrion outer membrane and inner membrane has numerous

Answer 7

infoldings

Question 8

the molecules involved in making ATP are build into the

Answer 8

inner membrane

Question 9

all those folds increase the inner surface area, enabling more

Answer 9

ATP to be made

Question 10

the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the

Answer 10

nuclear envelope

Question 11

the nucleus houses the genetic material of the

Answer 11

cell-DNA which carries the blueprints for making the cell’s proteins

Question 12

almost _________ of DNA is crammed inside the nucleus

Answer 12

two meters

Question 13

the DNA is wrapped around __________ like thread wrapped around spools

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

DNA is used as a template to make

Answer 14

mRNA

Question 15

mRNA molecules travel from the nucleus to the

Answer 15

cytoplasm, carrying the instructions for making specific proteins

Question 16

in the cytoplasm a ___________ clamps onto a strand of mRNA

Answer 16

ribosome

Question 17

the ribosome ratchets along the mRNA, building a new __________

Answer 17

protein

Question 18

some proteins stay in the

Answer 18

cytoplasm

Question 19

others are processed in special compartments within the

Answer 19

cell

Question 20

protein processing and certain other metabolic activities occur in the

Answer 20

endomembrane system, the cells network of internal membranes

Question 21

is part of the endomembrane system

Answer 21

endoplasmic reticulum or ER

Question 22

there are two types of ER what are they

Answer 22

rough and smooth

Question 23

rough is ER is covered with

Answer 23

ribosomes

Question 24

smooth ER lacks

Answer 24

ribosomes

Question 25

lipids are made in the

Answer 25

smooth ER

Question 26

in the rough ER you can still see the ribosomes on the

Answer 26

outside surface

Question 27

the ribosome is manufacturing a new ________, which continues to grow inside the ER

Answer 27

protein

Question 28

completed proteins move to the edge of the rough ER and depart in a

Answer 28

vesicle, that buds off from the ER membrane

Question 29

completed proteins move to the edge of the rough ER and depart in a

Answer 29

vesicle, that buds off from the ER membrane

Question 30

some vesicles fuse with ____________________, another component of the endomembrane system

Answer 30

Golgi apparatus

Question 31

in the Golgi proteins undergo further

Answer 31

processing

Question 32

finished proteins are then packaged in ________ that pinch off from the Golgi and are transported along the

Answer 32

vesicles, cytoskeleton tracks

Question 33

some vesicles bind with the ____________________, secreting their contents outside the cell

Answer 33

plasma membrane

Question 34

other vesicles called ____________, contain digestive enzymes

Answer 34

lysosomes

Question 35

a lysosome fuses with a worn-out _____________ and breaks it down

Answer 35

mitochondrion

Question 36

a plant has a protective cell wall outside the

Answer 36

plasma membrane

Question 37

the cell wall is made from strong

Answer 37

cellulose fibrils

Question 38

inside the plant cell, the large central vacuole regulates the

Answer 38

composition of the cytoplasm

Question 39

cytoplasm, creates the internal pressure that is characteristic of plant cells and stores various _____________ produced by the cell

Answer 39

compounds

Question 40

plants make their own food by photosynthesis in

Answer 40

chloroplasts

Question 41

light passes through the ____________________ of the chloroplast and strikes green disk where light energy is converted to ___________________

Answer 41

two membranes, chemical energy

Question 42

the sugar molecules produced by photosynthesis can be made into

Answer 42

other molecules or broken down for energy

Question 43

all plant cells have ______________ just like animal cells do

Answer 43

mitochondria

Question 44

sugars produced by photosynthesis are broken down and converted to

Answer 44

ATP in mitochondria

Question 45

ATP powers the work of the

Answer 45

plant cells

Question 46

most organelles like mitochondria, are found in both

Answer 46

plant cells and animal cells

Question 47

It helps defend the mammalian body against infections by ingesting bacteria (the smaller cells) into phagocytic vesicles

Answer 47

macrophage

Question 48

interact with other elements of the cytoskeleton in these movements

Answer 48

Actin filaments

Question 49

after the macrophage engulfs the bacteria, they are destroyed b

Answer 49

lysosomes produced by the elaborate endomembrane system

Question 50

The digestive enzymes of the lysosomes and the proteins of the cytoskeleton are all made by

Answer 50

ribosomes.

Question 51

in animal cells peroxisome is the organelle that carries out

Answer 51

diverse metabolic processes and produces hydrogen peroxide

Question 52

hydrogen peroxide (H202) as a by-product which converts to

Answer 52

water (H2O)

Question 53

is the appendage that propels the cell

Answer 53

flagellum

Question 54

ribosome sub-units are made in the

Answer 54

nucleolus

Question 55

chromatin refers to the strands containing

Answer 55

DNA, along with associated protein

Question 56

the nucleus is a large

Answer 56

organelle

Question 57

it contains most of the genes that control the

Answer 57

cell

Question 58

the nuclear envelope is the double membrane that encloses the

Answer 58

nucleus

Question 59

the rough endoplasmic reticulum refers to the

Answer 59

membranous tubules and sacs where secretory proteins and membranes are manufactured

Question 60

the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the portion of the endomembrane system that is important in

Answer 60

lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage

Question 61

the Giglia apparatus is the organelle that

Answer 61

modifies, stores, and repackages products of the ER, mostly for secretion

Question 62

ribosomes are small structures that serve as the sites of

Answer 62

protein synthesis

Question 63

microtubules are the

Answer 63

rods that shape and support the cell and serve as tracks along which other organelles can move

Question 64

centrioles are cell components that are

Answer 64

identical in structure to basal bodies

Question 65

the organelle mitochondria carries out

Answer 65

cellular respiration

Question 66

cellular respiration is the process of converting the chemical energy of sugars and other molecules to

Answer 66

chemical energy in the form of ATP

Question 67

microfilaments are

Answer 67

thin, solid protein rods, especially numerous in muscle cells

Question 68

muscle cells are involved in

Answer 68

cell support and movement

Question 69

the plasma membrane acts as a

Answer 69

selective barrier, allowing the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste

Question 70

the lysosome is where you find a stockpile of

Answer 70

digestive enzymes that are important in breaking down nutrients, breaking down bacteria, recycling and development

Question 71

cell is a living unit greater than the sum of its

Answer 71

parts.