Concept 6.6: The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell

Question 1

a protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell

Answer 1

motor proteins

Question 2

hollow rods constructed from globular proteins called tubulins.

Answer 2

microtubules

Question 3

a structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cell that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division

Answer 3

centrosome

Question 4

a structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a “9+0” pattern

Answer 4

centrioles, a centrosome has a pair of centrioles

Question 5

a long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

Answer 5

flagella (singular, flagellum)

Question 6

a short appendage containing microtubules in eukaryotic cell

Answer 6

cilia (singular, cilium)

Question 7

is structurally very similar to a centriole, with microtubule triplets in a “9+0” pattern

Answer 7

basal body

Question 8

a larger motor protein extending from one microtubule doublet to the adjacent doublet

Answer 8

dynein’s

Question 9

are thin solid rods.

Answer 9

microfilaments

Question 10

a globular protein.

Answer 10

actin

Question 11

network gives the outer cytoplasmic layer of a cell, called the

Answer 11

cortex

Question 12

a type of motor protein that associates into filaments that interact with actin filaments to cause cell contraction

Answer 12

myosin

Question 13

cellular extensions of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding

Answer 13

pseudopodia

Question 14

a circular flow of cytoplasm within cells

Answer 14

cytoplasmic streaming

Question 15

is larger than the diameter of microfilaments but smaller than that of microtubules

Answer 15

intermediate filaments

Question 16

is an extracellular structure of plant cells

Answer 16

cell wall

Question 17

A young plant cell first secretes a relatively thin and flexible wall called

Answer 17

the primary cell wall

Question 18

Between primary walls of adjacent cells is the

Answer 18

middle lamella

Question 19

between the plasma membrane and the primary wall.

Answer 19

secondary cell wall

Question 20

the meshwork surrounding animal cells consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by cells

Answer 20

extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 21

The most abundant glycoprotein in the ECM of most animal cells is

Answer 21

collagen

Question 22

collagen fibers are embedded in a network woven out of

Answer 22

proteoglycans

Question 23

cells are attached to the ECM by ECM glycoproteins such as

Answer 23

fibronectin

Question 24

Fibronectin and other ECM proteins bind to cell-surface receptor proteins call

Answer 24

integrins

Question 25

channels that connect cells.

Answer 25

plasmodesmata (singular, plasmodesma; from the Greek desma, bond)

Question 26

are most like the plasmodesmata of plants,

Answer 26

gap junctions