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Science > Concept 2: Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Concept 2: Chemistry of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything with mass, occupies space, and is made of atoms

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2
Q

6 Elements necessary for life

A

CHONPS (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur)

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3
Q

Atoms

A

Made of subatomic particles, has neutrons, electrons, and protons

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4
Q

Where are electrons found in an atom

A

Electron clouds and electron shells

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5
Q

Where are Neutrons and Protons found in an atom

A

In the nucleus

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6
Q

Cell

A

The most basic unit of life

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7
Q

Order of units of life

A

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

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8
Q

Atomic structure

A

Atoms are made of protons and neutrons in a nucleus and electrons in a surrounding electron cloud

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9
Q

Where is most of an atom’s mass

A

Positively charged nucleus

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10
Q

Where is most of an atom’s volume

A

Negatively charged electron cloud

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11
Q

In a periodic table, what does the atomic number tell you

A

Number of protons an element has

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12
Q

What is the average atom mass of an element from the nucleus

A

The sum of protons and neutrons in the most common isotope

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13
Q

Isotope

A

2 or more forms of the same element with different amounts of neutrons and is written as the elements name, then the mass number in the top left and atom number in the bottom left

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14
Q

How is the electron cloud of an atom divided

A

Into energy shells or levels; innermost shell can hold up to two electrons and most other can hold eight

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15
Q

Valence electrons

A

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

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16
Q

How many valence electrons does a noble gas have

A

8

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17
Q

Compound

A

Two or more atoms of different elements bound together

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18
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms covalently bonded together

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19
Q

Covalent bonds

A

When non-metallic atoms share electrons

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20
Q

Ionic bonds

A

When electrons are transferred from a metallic atom to a non-metallic atom

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21
Q

Cation

A

When an atom loses electrons and becomes more positively charged

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22
Q

Anion

A

When an atom gains electrons and becomes more negatively charged

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23
Q

Single bond

A

One electron from each atom is shared

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24
Q

Double/triple bond

A

Two/three electrons from each atom is shared

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25
Q

Polar molecule

A

Unequal distribution of charges makes one side more positive and one side more negative, dissolves in water

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26
Q

Nonpolar molecule

A

No separation of charge, no negative or positive poles are formed

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27
Q

What is the attraction between polar molecules

A

Hydrogen bond

28
Q

Which is stronger, hydrogen or covalent bonds

A

Covalent bonds

29
Q

What does the group number tell you on the periodic table

A

Number of valence electrons an atom has

30
Q

What does the period number tell you on the periodic table

A

How many energy levels an atom has (Energy levels are number of shells)

31
Q

Water makes up how many percent of the human body

A

65%

32
Q

what percent of the earth’s surface is covered in water

A

71%

33
Q

Is water a polar or nonpolar molecule

A

Polar

34
Q

What term explains water droplets being formed by water molecules attracted to each other

A

Cohesion

35
Q

What property allows water to stick to the sides of a straw

A

Adhesion

36
Q

What property of water allows bugs to walk on water

A

Surface tension

37
Q

Amount of heat it takes water to change to its gaseous state

A

Large amounts

38
Q

What property allows sweat to cool the body and coastal cities to have more moderate temperatures than inland cities

A

high heat capacity

39
Q

A solution with a pH less than 7 is

A

Acidic

40
Q

A solution with a pH more than 7 is

A

Basic

41
Q

Why is water a polar molecule

A

The oxygen in water is slightly more electronegative than the oxygen

42
Q

What bond occurs between hydrogen and oxygen atoms

A

Covalent bonds

43
Q

What type of bond is formed between water molecules

A

Hydrogen bonds

44
Q

Why does surface tension and capillary action occur in water

A

Because it has hydrogen bonds

45
Q

What kinds of substance can dissolve in water

A

Polar molecules

46
Q

What needs to be true for a neutral solution

A

H+ must equal OH-

47
Q

What needs to be true for a basic solution

A

OH- needs to be greater than H+

48
Q

What percent of water on earth is salt water

A

97%

49
Q

Where is most fresh water found

A

Glaciers and ice caps

50
Q

Evaporation

A

Liquid water on Earth’s surface changes into water vapor in the atmosphere

51
Q

Sublimination

A

Snow or ice on Earth’s surface changes directly into water vapor in the atmosphere

52
Q

Transpiration

A

Plants give off liquid water, most of which evaporates into the atmosphere

53
Q

Condensation

A

Water vapor in the atmosphere changes to liquid water droplets, forming clouds or fog

54
Q

Preipitaiton

A

Water droplets in clouds are pulled to Earth’s surface by gravity, forming rain, snow or other types of falling moisture

55
Q

What are the freezing points of water

A

0 Degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit

56
Q

What are the boiling points of water

A

100 Degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit

57
Q

pH of water

A

7

58
Q

Why is water colorless

A

Its selective absorption and scattering of white light (Transparency) allows sunlight to pass through it

59
Q

Water is consisted of

A

One atom of oxygen, two atoms of hydrogen (H2O)

60
Q

Why is water considered a universal solvent

A

Because it dissolves almost everything

61
Q

Define solution

A

A homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or most substances

62
Q

Define solute

A

A dissolved solution

63
Q

Define solvent

A

The substance that is being dissolved

64
Q

Define solubility

A

A solute’s ability to dissolve in a solvent

65
Q

Define Hydrophilic

A

“Water liking” and easily dissolvable in it

66
Q

Define Hydrophobic

A

“Water fearing” and does not dissolve in water

Science (4 decks)

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