Concentration and Response

Question 1

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 1

The body’s affect on a drug.

Question 2

What are the 4 phases of Pharmacokinetics?

Answer 2

• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Excretion

ADME

Question 3

What do pharmacological effects depend on?

Answer 3

• The active molecule reaching the site of action

- Adequate concentration at the site of action

Question 4

What is the threshold model?

Answer 4

The point at which a measurable effect is noticed

Question 5

What is the Emax?

Answer 5

The maximum.

The concentration that provides the maximum effect.

Question 6

What is kb/Kf?

Answer 6

This is simplified to Kd and is the apparent dissociation constant.

Question 7

What does sulfasalazine required order to become active?

Answer 7

Metabolised by intestinal bacteria to active metabolites sulfapyridine (and 5-aminosalicyclic acid)

Question 8

What does the prodrug clopidogrel require to become active?

Answer 8

Oxidation and hydrolysis. (This is mediated by liver enzymes)

Question 9

What do pro drugs require before they are active?

Answer 9

They require a metabolic step.

Question 10

What are the pharmacokinetic factors that determine concentration of a drug at its target? (Absorption)

Answer 10

Drug factors = dissolution characteristics, solubility and permeability
Patient factors = meal and organ blood flow