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Winter '15 > Coms 102 Midterm > Flashcards

Coms 102 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Five communication principles for a lifetime

A

1) be aware of your communications with yourself and others
2) effectively use and interpret verbal messages
3) effectively use and interpret nonverbal messages
4) listen and respond thoughtfully to others
5) appropriately adapt messages to others

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2
Q

Communication

A

The process of acting on information

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3
Q

Human communication

A

The process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through verbal and nonverbal messages

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4
Q

Communication models

A

1) Communication as action: message transfer
2) communication as interaction: message exchange
3) Communication as transaction: message creation

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5
Q

Key components

A

Source, encoding, decoding, receiver, message, channel, Noise

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6
Q

Source

A

The originator of a thought or emotion who puts it into a code that can be understood by a receiver

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7
Q

encoding

A

The process of translating ideas and and feelings and thoughts into a code

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8
Q

Decoding

A

the process that is opposite of an encoding, occurs when the words or unspoken signals are interpreted by the receiver

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9
Q

Receiver

A

The person who decodes the message and attempts to make sense of what the source has encoded

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10
Q

Message

A

Written spoken and unspoken elements of communication to which people assign meaning

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11
Q

Channel

A

The pathway through which messages are sent

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12
Q

Noise

A

Interference, either literal or psychological, that hinders the accurate encoding or decoding of a message

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13
Q

Feedback

A

Response to a message

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14
Q

Context

A

The physical historical and psychological communication environment

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15
Q

Mediated communication`

A

Any communication that is carried out using some Channel other than those used in face-to-face communication

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16
Q

Asynchronous communication

A

Communication and which timing is out of sync; there is a time delay between when you send a message and when it is received

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17
Q

Synchronous communication

A

Communication in which messages occur in real time- when you speak or write, someone immediately responds to your message

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18
Q

Communication characteristics

A 
Inescapable
Irreversible
Complicated
Emphasizes content and relationships
Governed by rules
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19
Q

Whenever we communicate with another person at least six “people” are really involved

A

Who you think you are
Who you think the other person is
Who you think the other person thinks you are
Who the other person thinks he or she is
Who the other person thinks you are
Who the other person thinks you think he or she is

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20
Q

Content dimension

A

The new information ideas or suggested actions that it communicator wishes to express

what is said

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21
Q

Relationship dimension

A

The aspect of a communication message that offers cues about the emotions attitudes and amount of power and control the speaker directed towards others

how something is said

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22
Q

Rule

A

A followable prescription that indicates what behavior is required or preferred and what behavior is prohibited in a specific situation

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23
Q

Principle one

A

Be aware of your communication with yourself and others

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24
Q

Intrapersonal communication

A

Communication that occurs within yourself including your thoughts or emotions and your perceptions of yourself and others

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25
Q

Principle two

A

Effectively use and interpret verbal messages

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26
Q

Language

A

The system of symbols (words of vocabulary) structured by rules (grammar) the make it possible for people to understand one another

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27
Q

Principle three

A

Effectively use and interpret nonverbal messages

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28
Q

Nonverbal communication

A

Communication by means other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someone

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29
Q

Principle four

A

Listen and respond thoughtfully to others

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30
Q

Other-oriented

A

Being focused on the needs and concerns of others while maintaining one’s personal integrity

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31
Q

Principle five

A

Appropriately adapt messages to others

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32
Q

Adapt

A

To adjust both what is communicated and how a message is communicated

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33
Q

Three ways of communicating with others

A

Interpersonal, Group, and presentational communication

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34
Q

Interpersonal communication

A

Communication that occur simultaneously between two people who attempt to mutually influence each other usually for the purpose of managing relationships

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35
Q

Impersonal communication

A

Communication that treats people as objects or that responds only to their roles, rather than to who they are as unique people

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36
Q

Small group communication

A

The trans-active process of creating meaning among three to about 15 people who share a common purpose

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37
Q

Group

A

A collection of people who have a common goal feel a sense of belonging to the group and influence one another

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38
Q

Dyad

A

Two interesting people

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39
Q

Presentational communication

A

Communication that occurs when a speaker addresses a gathering of people to inform persuade or entertain them

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40
Q

Rhetoric

A

The process of using symbols to influence or persuade others

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41
Q

Mass communication

A

Communication accomplished through mediated message that is sent to many people at the same time

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42
Q

Organizational communication

A

The study of human communication as it occurs within organizations

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43
Q

Health communication

A

The study communication that has an effect on human health

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44
Q

CHPAATER 2 STARTS HERE

A

CHAPTER 2 STARTS HERE

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45
Q

Self-awareness

A

The capacity to observe and reflect on one’s own mental states

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46
Q

Symbolic self-awareness

A

A unique human ability to develop and communicate a representation of oneself to others through language

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47
Q

People operate at 1 OF 4 levels

A
  1. unconscious incompetence
  2. conscious incompetence
  3. conscious competence
  4. unconscious competence
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48
Q

Self

A

The sum of you are as a person, your central inner force

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49
Q

Self-concept

A

Your interior identity or subjective description of who you think you are

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50
Q

Self image

A

Your viewing yourself in a particular situation or circumstance

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51
Q

Attitude

A

A learned predisposition to respond to a person object or idea at a favorable or unfavorable way

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52
Q

Belief

A

The way in which you structure your understanding of reality
what it’s true
what is false

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53
Q

Value

A

An enduring concept of good and bad or right and wrong

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54
Q

Three components within one’s self concept

A

Attitude, belief and value

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55
Q

Three components of the self

A

Material self, social self and spiritual self

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56
Q

Material self

A

The element of the self reflected in all the tangible things you own

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57
Q

Social self

A

Your concept of self as develops for your personal, social interactions with others

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58
Q

Spiritual self

A

The components of self based on introspection about values, morals and beliefs

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59
Q

John Stewart four characteristics of the self-concept

A

Identity is multidimensional and changing

  1. identity involves responsiveness to others
  2. identity develops through both past and present relationships
  3. avowed identity and ascribed identity
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60
Q

avowed identity

A

An identity you assign to yourself and portray

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61
Q

ascribed identity

A

An identity assigned to you by others

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62
Q

Self-reflexiveness

A

The human ability to think about what you’re doing while you’re doing it

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63
Q

Self esteem

A

Your assessment of you’re worth or value as reflected in your perception of such things as your skills, abilities, talents and appearance

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64
Q

Self concept clarity

A

The extent to which beliefs about oneself are clearly and confidently identified and stable overtime

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65
Q

Four factors that provide clues about the nature of self-esteem

A
  1. Gender
  2. social comparisons
  3. self expectations
  4. self-fulfilling prophecy
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66
Q

Gender

A

A cultural construction that includes one’s biological sex, psychological characteristics, attitudes about the sexes, and sexual orientation

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67
Q

Social comparison

A

Process of comparing oneself to others to measure one’s worth

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68
Q

Self expectations

A

Goals you have set for yourself

How you believe you ought to behave and accomplish

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69
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

The notion that protections about one feature are likely to come true because one believes they will come true

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70
Q

Narcissism

A

An inflated view of self especially about one’s own power and importance

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71
Q

Intrapersonal communication

A

How you taken stimuli in the environment or information and make sense of it
Also, thoughts and ideas that you say to yourself

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72
Q

Self talk

A

Inner speech; Communication with the self

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73
Q

Visualization

A

Imagining oneself behaving in a certain way

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74
Q

Reframing

A

The process of redefining events and experiences from a different point of view

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75
Q

6 strategies for enhancing self-esteem

A
  1. engage in positive self talk
  2. visualize
  3. reframe
  4. develop honest relationships
  5. surround yourself with positive people
  6. lose your baggage
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76
Q

Perception

A

The arousal of any of your senses

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77
Q

Three stages in the perception process

A
  1. attention and selection
  2. Organization
  3. interpretation
78
Q

Attention

A

The act of receiving stimuli in your environment

79
Q

Selection

A

The act of choosing specific stimuli in your environment to focus on

80
Q

Organization

A

Converting information into convenient, understandable and efficient patterns that allow us to make sense of what we have observed

81
Q

Closure

A

The perceptual process of filling in missing information

82
Q

Interpretation

A

Attaching meaning to what is attended to, selected and organized

83
Q

Stereotype

A

A generalization applied to persons perceived to have attributes common to particular group

84
Q

Indirect perception checking

A

Using your own perceptual abilities to seek additional information to conform or refute your interpretation of someone’s behavior

85
Q

Direct perception checking

A

Asking someone else whether your interpretations of what you perceive are correct

86
Q

CHAPTER 3 STARTS HERE

A

CHATER 3 STARTS HERE

87
Q

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A

Suggest that human language of God are so interrelated that thought is actually rooted in and controlled by language

88
Q

Symbol

A

The word sound gesture or visual image that represents a thought concept object or experience

89
Q

Meaning

A

A person’s interpretation of assemble

90
Q

Bypassing

A

A communication problem that arises with the same word means different things to different people

91
Q

Denotative meaning

A

The restrictive, or literal, meaning of the word

92
Q

Connotative meaning

A

The personal and subjective meaning of the word

93
Q

Concrete meaning

A

meaning that refers to something that can be perceived with one of the senses

94
Q

Abstract meaning

A

meaning that refers to something that cannot be perceived or experienced with one of the senses

95
Q

Culture

A

Hey Larenz system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, Rules and norms that are shared by a group of people and shapes from one generation to the next

96
Q

neologism

A

a new term introduced into a language

97
Q

Code switching

A

Practice of using one form of language and then switching to another form, usually seamlessly

98
Q

allness

A

A word barrier created through the use of language that reflects unqualified, often untrue generalizations that deny individual differences or variations

99
Q

Sexist (exclusive) language

A

Language that reveals bias in favor of one sex and against another

100
Q

Heterosexist language

A

Language that reveals an assumption that the world is heterosexual, as if homosexuality or bisexuality does not exist

101
Q

Homophobic language

A

Language that over lead to generates persons of nonheterosexual orientations, usually arising out of the fear of being labeled gay or lesbian

102
Q

Generic language

A

Gen. terms and stand for all persons or things within a given category

103
Q

Supportive communication

A

Language that creates a climate of trust, caring and acceptance

104
Q

Defensive communication

A

Language that creates a climate of hostility and miss trust

105
Q

Polarization

A

The tendency to describe things in extremes as if no middle ground exist

106
Q

Trigger words

A

Forms of language that arouse strong emotions in listeners

107
Q

Empathy

A

The ability to understand and feel what another person is feeling

108
Q

CHAPTER 4 STARTS HERE

A

CHATER 4 STARTS HERE

109
Q

Nonverbal communication

A

Communication other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someone

110
Q

Expectancy violations model

A

The model suggest that we develop rules or expectations for appropriate nonverbal behavior and react when those expectations are violated

111
Q

Artifact

A

Clothing or another element of appearance (i.e. Jewelry, tattoos, piercings, makeup)

112
Q

kinesics

A

Movements, gestures and posture

113
Q

Emblem

A

Nonverbal cue that has a specific, generally understood meaning in a given culture and may substitute for a word or phrase

114
Q

Illustrator

A

A nonverbal behavior that accompanies a verbal message and complements contradicts or accents it

115
Q

Affect display

A

a nonverbal behavior that communicates emotions

116
Q

Regulator

A

Nonverbal behavior that helps controlled interaction or level of communication between people

117
Q

Adapter

A

a nonverbal behavior that help satisfy a personal need and allows a person to adapt or respond to the immediate situation

118
Q

haptics

A

The study of human touch

119
Q

Touch ethic

A

A person’s own guidelines or standards as to appropriate and inappropriate touch

120
Q

Paralanguage (voicalics)

A

Nonverbal aspects of voice (pitch, rate, volume, use of silence)

121
Q

proxemics

A

The study of how close or far away from people and objects we position ourselves

122
Q

hall’s 4 spatial zones

A
  1. intimate space 0-1.5 feet
  2. personal space 1.5-4 feet
  3. Social space 4–12 feet
  4. public space 12+ feet
123
Q

Territoriality

A

The study of how humans use space and object to communicate occupancy of ownership of space

124
Q

Territorial marker

A

The thing or action that signifies that an area has been claimed

125
Q

Immediacy

A

Nonverbal behaviors that communicate feelings of liking pleasure and closeness

126
Q

Arousal

A

Nonverbal behaviors that communicate feelings of interest and excitement

127
Q

Dominance

A

Nonverbal behaviors that communicate power, status and control

128
Q

Mehrabian three-part framework to improve nonverbal interpretive skills

A

Immediacy, arousal, dominance

129
Q

CHAPTER 12 STARTS HERE

A

CHAPTER 12 STARTS HERE

130
Q

topical organization

A

Organization determined by the speakers direction or by recency, primacy or complexity

131
Q

recency

A

Arrangement of ideas from least important and most important or from weakest to strongest

132
Q

primacy

A

Arrangement of ideas from most important to least important or from strongest to weakest

133
Q

complexity

A

arranging ideas from simple to more complex

134
Q

5 types of organization

A

Topical, Chronological, spatial, cause and effect, and problem-solution

135
Q

Specificity

A

Organization from specific information to a more general statement or from a general statement to specific information

136
Q

Soft evidence

A

Illustrations descriptions explanations and opinions

137
Q

Hard evidence

A

Statistics

138
Q

Signpost

A

A verbal or nonverbal organizational signal (transition)

139
Q

Preview

A

A statement of what is to come

140
Q

Initial preview

A

First statement of the main ideas of presentation presentation usually presented with or near the central idea

141
Q

Internal preview

A

A preview within the stage that introduces idea still to come

142
Q

Transition

A

A word phrase or nonverbal cues that indicates movement from want to get to the next or the relationship between ideas

143
Q

Verbal transition

A

A word or phrase that indicates the relationship between two ideas

144
Q

Nonverbal transition

A

A facial expression, vocal cue, or physical movement that indicates the speaker is moving from one idea to the next

145
Q

Summary

A

A recap of what has been said

146
Q

Internal summary

A

A recap within the presentation of what has been said so far

147
Q

Final summary

A

A recap of all the main points of her presentation, usually occurring just before or during the conclusion

148
Q

Introduction

A

Opening lines of the presentation, which must cast the audiences attention, introduced the topic, give the audience a reason to listen, establish credibility, State the central idea, and preview the main ideas

149
Q

Conclusion

A

Closing lines of a presentation, which leave a final impression

150
Q

Closure

A

The sensitive presentation is finished

151
Q

Preparation outline

A

The detailed outline

Includes the central idea, main ideas and supporting material

152
Q

Standard outline format

A

Conventional use of numbered and lettered headings and subheadings to indicate the relationships among part of the presentation

153
Q

CHAPTER 13 STARTS HERE

A

CHAPTER 13 STARTS HERE

154
Q

Four methods of delivery

A

Manuscript
Memorize
Impromptu
Extemporaneous

155
Q

Manuscript speaking

A

Reading a presentation from a written text

156
Q

Memorized speaking

A

Delivering a presentation word for word from memory without using notes

157
Q

Impromptu speaking

A

Delivering a presentation without advanced preparation

158
Q

Extemporaneous speaking

A

Delivering a well-developed, well organized, carefully rehearsed presentation without having memorized exact wording

159
Q

Using 5 types of words well

A 
Use: 
specific concrete words
unbiased words
vivid words 
simple words
correct words
160
Q

Specific word

A

A word that refers to an individual member of a general class

like a dog

161
Q

Concrete word

A

The word that refers to an object or described in action or characteristic the most specific way possible

poodle, not just dog

162
Q

Unbiased word

A

A word that does not stereotype, discriminated against, or insult either gender or any racial, cultural, or religious group

163
Q

A vivid word

A

A colorful word

164
Q

Simple word

A

A word known to most people who speak the language

165
Q

Correct word

A

A word that means what the speaker intends and is grammatically correct the the phrase or sentence in which it appears

166
Q

3 ways of crafting memorable words structures

A

Figurative language
Drama
Candence

167
Q

Metaphor

A

Making an implied comparison

168
Q

Simile

A

Making a comparison using like or as

169
Q

Personification

A

Attributing human qualities to nonhuman things or ideas

170
Q

Omission

A

Leaving nonessential words out of the phrase or sentence

171
Q

Inversion

A

Reversing the normal order of words and phrases or sentence

172
Q

Suspension

A

Holding the key words in a phrase or sentence until the end

173
Q

Parallelism

A

Using two or more clauses or sentences with the same grammatical structure

174
Q

Antithesis

A

Using a two part parallel structure in which the second part trust meeting with the first

175
Q

Repetition

A

Using a keyword or phrase more than once

176
Q

Alliteration

A

Repeating a consonant sound

177
Q

Effective nonverbal delivery

A 
eye contact
Physical delivery
Gestures
Movements
Posture
Facial expression
Vocal delivery
Volume
Pitch
Rate
Articulation
Appearance
178
Q

Physical delivery

A

A person’s gestures, movement, and posture, which influence how message is interpreted

179
Q

Vocal delivery

A

Nonverbal voice cues, including volume, pitch, rate and articulation

180
Q

Inflection

A

Variation in vocal pitch

181
Q

Rate

A

How fast or slowly as speaker speaks

182
Q

Dialect

A

A speech style commons and ethnic group or geographic region

-Southern drawl

183
Q

CHAPTER 14 STARTS HERE

A

CHAPTER 14 STARTS HERE

184
Q

Types of informative presentations

A 
Presentations about objects
Presentations about procedures
Presentations about people
 presentations about events
Presentations about ideas
185
Q 
T
E
A
C
H
(procedures)
A 
Tell
Example
Apply
Coach
Help
186
Q

Strategies for making your informative presentation clear

A

Simplify ideas
Pace your information flow
Relate new information to old

187
Q

Strategies for making your informative presentation interesting

A

Relate to your listeners interest
Use attention-getting supporting material
Establish a motive for your audience to listen to you
Use picture words
Create interesting presentation aids
Use humor

188
Q

Word picture

A

A vivid description that invites listeners to draw on their senses

189
Q

Strategies for making your informative presentation memorable

A

Build in redundancy
Use adult learning principles
Reinforce key ideas verbally
Reinforce key ideas nonverbally

190
Q

Adult learning principles

A

-Preferences of adult learners for what and how they learn

Suggest that adults prefer:
Relevant information they can use it immediately
Active involvement in the learning process
Connections between the new information and their life experiences

Winter '15 (4 decks)

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