Computing In Architecture Flashcards
Is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system
Computer architecture
It is a blueprint and functional description of requirements and design implementations for the various parts of a computer
Computer architecture
Science and art of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create computers
Computer architecture
Computer architecture comprises at least three main subcategories
- instruction set architecture
- micro - architecture
- system design
Is the abstract image of a computing system that is seen by a machine language
Instruction set architecture (ISA)
Is a lower level, more concrete and detailed, description of the system that involves how the constituents parts of the system are interconnected
Micro-architecture
Which includes all of the other hardware components within a computing system
System design
Design process into hardware is called
Implementation
Implementation can be further broken down into thee pieces
- Logic implementation
- circuit implementation
- physical implementation
Design of blocks defined in the micro-architecture
Logic implementation
Transistor-level design of basic elements
Circuit implementation
Physical circuits are drawn out, the different circuit components
Physical implementation
The term architecture in computer literature can be traced to the work of
Lyle R. Johnson and Frederick P. Brooks and members in 1959
Machine organizations department in IBM main research center
A term that seemed more useful than “machine organization “
System architecture
Is the art of determining the needs of the user
Computer architecture
The first mention of the term architecture in the referred computer literature is in a
1964 article
Architectural layers that are more abstract than micro-architecture
Macro-architecture
A smart assembler may convert an abstract assembly language
Assembly ISA
Higher level language tools such as compilers may define a consistent interface
Programmer visible macro-architecture
A family of machines with different hardware level
UISA (microcode instruction set architecture )
The set of functions that a microprocessor is expected to provide
Pin architecture
There are two main types of speed
Latency
Throughput
Is the time between the start of a process and its completion
Latency
Is the amount of work done per unit time
Throughput
Is the guaranteed maximum response time of the system
Interrupt latency
Is another design criterion that factors in the design of modern computers
Power consumption
Interrupt latency
A computer system consists of four major components:
Storage
Processor
Peripherals
Input/output
Is used to keep the data and programs
Storage systems
Is the unit that controls the operation of the system
Processor
Are used to communicate with the outside world
Peripheral devices
Allows the previous components to communicate with one another
Input/output
Holds the data to be processed and the instructions that specify what processing is to be don
Main memory
Is a technique whereby the programmer is given the illusion
Virtual memory
Is the slowest, lowest-cost and highest-capacity computer storage area
Auxiliary memory
Is one of the most important aspects of modern computer memory deisgns
Memory mapping
Is essentially a wire or group of wires between a peripheral
Channel
Is a form of multiplexed channel that can be shared by a larger number of devices
Bus
