Computers and the Internet

Question 1

netiquette

Answer 1

• the set of rules and customs that it is considered polite to follow when you are communicating by means of e-mail or the Internet. 网络礼节

Question 2

Sherry Turkle

Answer 2

• “we’re designing technologies that will give us the illusion of companionship without the demands of friendship.”
• ‘alone together’ - maintaining eye contact with someone while you text someone else.

Question 3

David Bell

Answer 3

• “Storying Cyberspace: material and symbolic stories”. An Introduction to Cybercultures (2001).

Question 4

Siva Vaidhyanathan

Answer 4

• “The Googlization of Us: Universal Surveillance and Infrastructural Imperialism.” The Googlization of Everything (And Why We Should Worry).

Question 5

Kerry Herlihy

Answer 5

• “Dear Birth Mother, Please Hit ‘Reply’” NY Times

Question 6

Clay Shirky

Answer 6

• “Newspapers and Thinking the Unthinkable.” Risk Management
• the internet has facilitated促进 the emergence发生 of anti-globalization, anti-war and anti-capitalism movement by coalesced合并 local communities and groups
• cyber-balkanization
• interent constitues a dynamic and complex space; make information easily available.
• but, retard face-to-face relationships; extend structures of Western imperialism and advanced capitalism to the ends of the world.
• internet allows for an expansion of self-determination and control “from below”.
• mentioned Howard Dean, an American politician and physician. regarded as a pioneer in raising the profile in internet-based fundraising and activism. showed how internet could generate political enthusiasm amongst the youth, connect people around issues and articulate with struggles in the real world. 总结： The Dean experiment showed that the internet was a force to be reckoned对付 with in the political sphere.
• transform “dumb mobs” of totalitarian states into “smart mobs” of socially active personages linked by computers, internet cl phones, gps.
• internet turned into instrument for “culture jamming”, a tactic used by some anti-consumerist social groups to disrupt瓦解 or subvert颠覆 mainstream cultural/corporate institutions. e.g: McDonald’s -> McGrease

Question 7

choice architecture

Answer 7

• ” Nudge:Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness (2007(“
• the economist Richard Thaler and law professor Cass Sunstein
• suggests that the structure and order of the choices offered to us profoundly influence the decisions we make.

Question 8

libertarian paternalism

Answer 8

• another idea by Thaler and Sunstein
• suggests that private and public institutions might nudge people in directions that will make their lives go better, without eliminating freedom of choice.
• e.g. the automatic enrolment plan. workers are automatically enrolled in a savings plan, but can opt out with no trouble and at no expense if they choose to do so.

Question 9

five privacy interfaces/domain

Answer 9

• through which we negotiate what is known about us
• person to peer: privacy strategies for the most personal spheres
• person to power: involves how we conceal certain private facts from those in authority
• person to firm: constitutes our attempts at maintaining our privacy notwithstanding attempts made by business firms to gain access to our person lsat.
• person to state: through the census, tax forms, drivers license records. the state records traces of our movements and activities
• person to public: located largely online, people have found their lives exposed, their names and faces ridiculed. in the digital records.

Question 10

Cyberbalkanization

Answer 10

• 网络巴尔干化系指万维网分裂成有特定利益的不同子群，一个子群的成员几乎总是利用网络传播或阅读仅吸引本子群其他成员的材料
• constitutes one of the aspects of internet analysis and refers to the division of specific sub-groups with specific interests on the worldwide web.
• the term is especially used with regard to sub-groups who exclude the voices of oppositional groups in their discussions.